Department of Agriculture, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
Solar Energy Institute, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Feb 1;649:461-472. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.349. Epub 2018 Aug 27.
The setting up of innovative irrigation water management might contribute to the mitigation of negative issues related to climate change. Our hypothesis was that globe artichoke irrigated with a traditionally drip system could be converted to an innovative water management system based on precision irrigation techniques and on evaporative cooling application in order to improve crop physiological status with positive impacts on earliness, total heads yield and water saving. Over two experiments carried out at plot- and field-scale, two irrigation management systems, differing in type and application time, were compared: (i) conventional, and (ii) canopy-cooling. Plant physiological status at a weekly sampling interval and the head atrophy incidence (as the ratio of the total primary heads collected) were monitored. We also recorded and determined heads production, and yield components. In both experiments, throughout the application period of evaporative cooling (three months), canopy-cooling showed the lowest value of leaf temperature and the highest photosynthesis values compared with the conventional one (+3 °C and -30%, respectively). The physiological advantage gained by the crop with evaporative cooling has led to a higher production both in terms of total yield (+30%), and in terms of harvested first order heads that from an economic viewpoint are the most profitable for farmers. At farm-scale, the canopy-cooling treatment resulted in a higher earliness (35 days) and water productivity (+36%) compared with conventional one. Our findings show that by combining evaporative cooling practice with precision irrigation technique the heads yield can be optimized also leading to a relevant water saving (-34%). Moreover, the study proved that canopy-cooling set up might be a winning strategy in order to mitigate climatic changes and heat stress conditions.
创新灌溉水管理的建立可能有助于缓解与气候变化相关的负面问题。我们的假设是，通过传统滴灌系统灌溉的朝鲜蓟可以转换为基于精准灌溉技术和蒸发冷却应用的创新水管理系统，以改善作物的生理状况，从而提高早熟性、总头产量和节水效果。在两个田间和小区尺度的实验中，我们比较了两种不同类型和应用时间的灌溉管理系统：（i）传统灌溉，（ii）冠层冷却。每周采样间隔监测植物生理状况和头萎缩发生率（作为总初级头采集量的比例）。我们还记录并确定了头的产量和产量构成。在两个实验中，在蒸发冷却的应用期间（三个月），与传统灌溉相比，冠层冷却表现出最低的叶温值和最高的光合作用值（分别为+3°C 和-30%）。与传统灌溉相比，作物通过蒸发冷却获得的生理优势导致总产（+30%）和收获的第一级头（从经济角度来看，这对农民最有利）产量更高。在农场尺度上，与传统灌溉相比，冠层冷却处理导致更早成熟（35 天）和更高的水分生产力（+36%）。我们的研究结果表明，通过将蒸发冷却实践与精准灌溉技术相结合，可以优化头的产量，同时实现显著的节水效果（-34%）。此外，该研究证明了冠层冷却系统的建立可能是缓解气候变化和热应激条件的一种有效策略。
