Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O.Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Schipholweg 77, 2316 ZL, Leiden, The Netherlands.
J Occup Rehabil. 2019 Sep;29(3):503-513. doi: 10.1007/s10926-018-9811-9.
Purpose With an ageing workforce, employees are increasingly confronted with multi-morbidity. Especially physical and mental health problems often occur together. This study aims to (i) explore the effect of multi-morbidity on work ability of ageing employees, more specifically the effects of the number of health problems and the combination of physical and mental health problems, and to (ii) explore to what extent the effects of physical and mental health problems on work ability are explained by applying differing coping styles. Methods A 1 year follow up study (2012-2013) was conducted among 7175 employees aged 45-64 years. Linear regression analyses were conducted to examine longitudinal relationships between multi-morbidity, coping styles and work ability. To determine whether coping styles mediate the effects of multi-morbidity on work ability, Sobel tests were conducted. Results A higher number of health problems was related to poorer work ability, but this negative effect stabilized from three health problems onwards. The combination of physical and mental health problem(s) was more strongly related to poorer work ability than only physical health problems. The negative relation between physical health problems and work ability was partly suppressed by active coping, while the negative relation between the combination of physical and mental health problem(s) on work ability was partly explained by avoidant coping. Conclusions Ageing employees with multi-morbidity have a reduced work ability, especially when mental health problems are present. The greater negative effects of the combination of physical and mental health problems on work ability are partially due to unfavorable coping styles.
随着劳动力老龄化，员工越来越多地面临多种疾病。特别是身心健康问题常常同时出现。本研究旨在：(i) 探讨多种疾病对老年员工工作能力的影响，更具体地探讨健康问题的数量和身心健康问题的组合的影响，以及 (ii) 探讨应用不同应对方式在多大程度上可以解释身心健康问题对工作能力的影响。
对 7175 名年龄在 45-64 岁的员工进行了为期 1 年的随访研究（2012-2013 年）。线性回归分析用于检验多种疾病、应对方式和工作能力之间的纵向关系。为了确定应对方式是否在多种疾病对工作能力的影响中起中介作用，进行了 Sobel 检验。
健康问题的数量与工作能力较差相关，但这种负面影响从三种健康问题开始趋于稳定。身心健康问题的组合与工作能力较差的相关性强于仅身体的健康问题。积极应对部分抑制了身体健康问题与工作能力之间的负相关关系，而身心健康问题组合对工作能力的负相关关系部分通过回避应对来解释。
患有多种疾病的老年员工工作能力下降，尤其是当存在心理健康问题时。身心健康问题组合对工作能力的更大负面影响部分归因于不利的应对方式。
