Center for Health and Sports Sciences, State University of Santa Catarina, Laboratory of Biomechanics, Rua Pascoal Simone, 358 Coqueiros, Florianópolis, SC, CEP 88080-350, Brazil.
Physiotherapy Department, Laboratory of Biomechanics, Center for Health and Sports Sciences, State University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
PM R. 2019 May;11(5):495-502. doi: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2018.08.383. Epub 2019 Mar 25.
Urinary incontinence (UI) is a pelvic floor dysfunction that can affect nulliparous female athletes because of the effect of sports activities on pelvic floor muscles.
To verify and quantify urine loss in nulliparous athletes during 1 hour of sports training using a modified pad test protocol.
Cross-sectional.
Secondary, institutional practice.
Nulliparous athletes (N = 104).
Athletes completed the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-UI-SF) and underwent a maximal resistance test of the abdominal muscles followed by the new modified pad test during 1 hour of training.
Presence or absence of UI was the dependent variable; the initial hypothesis was that high-impact activities could lead to the development of UI.
Almost 52% of athletes (n = 54) self-reported UI according to the ICIQ-UI-SF score. Of athletes who reported stress or mixed UI (n = 32), only 43.7% (n = 14) had leakage during the training pad test. Interestingly, 24% of athletes (n = 12) who did not report UI had a positive pad test result. In total, 27.9% of athletes (n = 29) presented a positive pad test during the training. Mean urinary loss was 1.57 ± 0.4 g.
Athletes did not seem to have a good knowledge of UI symptoms, and the modified pad test could be an alternative to quantify urine loss; however, it is necessary to perform accuracy tests. None of the athletes reported discomfort or decreased performance when performing the pad test.
II.
尿失禁（UI）是一种盆底功能障碍，由于体育活动对盆底肌肉的影响，可能会影响未生育的女性运动员。
使用改良垫试验方案验证并量化未生育运动员在 1 小时运动训练过程中的尿失禁。
横断面研究。
二级机构实践。
未生育的运动员（N=104）。
运动员完成国际尿失禁咨询问卷-短表（ICIQ-UI-SF），并在 1 小时训练期间进行最大腹部肌肉阻力试验和新改良垫试验。
存在或不存在尿失禁是因变量；最初的假设是，高冲击活动可能导致尿失禁的发生。
根据 ICIQ-UI-SF 评分，近 52%的运动员（n=54）自述有尿失禁。在报告压力性或混合性尿失禁的运动员中（n=32），只有 43.7%（n=14）在训练垫试验中有漏尿。有趣的是，24%的无尿失禁报告的运动员（n=12）垫试验结果阳性。总的来说，27.9%的运动员（n=29）在训练时垫试验阳性。平均尿失禁量为 1.57±0.4g。
运动员似乎对尿失禁症状了解不足，改良垫试验可能是量化尿失禁的替代方法；然而，有必要进行准确性测试。当运动员进行垫试验时，没有报告不适或表现下降。
II。
