Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, Aburaihan Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, USA.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Jan 10;647:1468-1477. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.074. Epub 2018 Aug 6.
Design and performance of stormwater infrastructure systems in urban areas have direct implications in social, environmental and public health problems and are of utmost importance to urban authorities and managers. Risk analysis in urban stormwater systems has become a must because of the extensive consequences of flooding in urban areas and limited funding for the rehabilitation and renovation of stormwater systems. Complexity, multidimensionality, and inherent uncertainties of the urban stormwater systems require the risk analysis approach to be comprehensive and able to address different uncertainties and spatial aspects of the problem. The objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive framework for risk analysis in urban stormwater systems. Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM), geographic information systems (GIS), and fuzzy sets theory are used to consider the diverse risk-affecting criteria, facilitate the analysis of spatial data and information and formulate the ambiguity and uncertainty of problem, respectively. The presented framework uses a Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) for determining the weights of risk-affecting criteria (i.e. Hydrological and Hydraulic, Traffic, Social, Economic, Environmental, Structural, and Green space) in the presence of multiple decision makers. The Autodesk Storm and Sanitary Analysis model is used for the Hydrological and Hydraulic simulations. FSAW and FTOPSIS methods are used to provide the final product of the framework, i.e., a risk map that presents a risk level for each channel in the network. The framework is applied to District 11 of the capital city of Iran, Tehran as a real case study. The resulted risk maps indicate a high or very high flooding risk for 17.07 to 41.95 km of the stormwater channels in the study area, covering about 10.5 to 26% of the total length of the channels. The presented framework was found to be a suitable risk analysis tool in urban stormwater systems.
城市地区雨水基础设施系统的设计和性能对社会、环境和公共健康问题有直接影响，对城市当局和管理者至关重要。由于城市地区洪水泛滥的广泛影响和用于雨水系统修复和翻新的资金有限，城市雨水系统的风险分析已成为必要。城市雨水系统的复杂性、多维性和固有不确定性要求风险分析方法全面，并能够解决问题的不同不确定性和空间方面。本研究的目的是为城市雨水系统的风险分析提供一个全面的框架。多准则决策分析（MCDM）、地理信息系统（GIS）和模糊集理论用于考虑不同的风险影响标准，便于分析空间数据和信息，并分别制定问题的模糊性和不确定性。所提出的框架使用模糊层次分析法（FAHP）来确定存在多个决策者时影响风险的标准（即水文水力、交通、社会、经济、环境、结构和绿地）的权重。Autodesk 暴雨和卫生分析模型用于水文水力模拟。FSAW 和 FTOPSIS 方法用于提供框架的最终产品，即表示网络中每个渠道风险水平的风险图。该框架应用于伊朗首都德黑兰的第 11 区作为实际案例研究。生成的风险图表明，研究区域内 17.07 至 41.95 公里的雨水渠道存在高或极高的洪水风险，占渠道总长度的 10.5 至 26%。结果表明，该框架是城市雨水系统中一种合适的风险分析工具。
