Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, Tallinn 12618, Estonia; Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005 Tartu, Estonia.
Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, Tallinn 12618, Estonia.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Jan 10;647:973-980. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.446. Epub 2018 Aug 1.
Most research on nanoparticle (NP) ecotoxicological effects has been conducted on single species in laboratory conditions that are not environmentally representative. We compared the effects of CuO NPs, CuSO (ionic control) and TiO NPs in nutrient-adjusted natural water (ANW) and in the OECD201 standard medium to four different algal species: green algae Raphidocelis subcapitata and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a diatom Fistulifera pelliculosa, and a cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. Biomass and the effective quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) were used as toxicity endpoints. CuO NPs were very toxic across taxa in the OECD201 assay (biomass-based 72 h EC 0.2-0.9 mg l). Toxicity of CuO NPs was explained by shedding of ions from particles as Cu is highly toxic: 72 h EC in the OECD201 medium was 0.01-0.03 mg l in three species and 0.003 mg l in the case of the cyanobacterium. Toxicity of copper compounds was overall reduced in ANW, presumably because of reduced bioavailability due to metal ions binding to natural organic matter. Copper compounds were more toxic to the cyanobacterium than to other algae and this effect was not amended in ANW. TiO NPs did not inhibit the biomass production and photosynthesis of the diatom or the cyanobacterium up to 100 mg l, but inhibited biomass production of green algae in the OECD201 medium (EC 14-15 mg l). TiO NPs also did not significantly inhibit Fv/Fm up to 100 mg l, suggesting a general lack of effect on photosynthesis. Adverse effects of TiO NPs were at least in part due to cell-NP heteroagglomeration. Our data are informative for the complete risk assessment of engineered NPs by filling data gaps about NP effects in environmentally realistic conditions.
大多数纳米颗粒 (NP) 的生态毒理学效应研究都是在实验室条件下针对单一物种进行的，而这些条件并不具有环境代表性。我们比较了氧化铜 NPs、CuSO（离子对照）和 TiO NPs 在营养调整后的天然水中（ANW）和 OECD201 标准介质中对四种不同藻类物种的影响：绿藻莱茵衣藻和小球藻、硅藻 Fistulifera pelliculosa 和蓝藻 Synechocystis sp。生物量和有效光系统 II 量子产率 (Fv/Fm) 被用作毒性终点。在 OECD201 测定中，CuO NPs 对所有分类群都具有很高的毒性（基于生物量的 72 h EC 0.2-0.9 mg l）。CuO NPs 的毒性可归因于颗粒释放的离子，因为 Cu 具有很高的毒性：在 OECD201 介质中，三种物种的 72 h EC 为 0.01-0.03 mg l，而蓝藻的 EC 为 0.003 mg l。在 ANW 中，铜化合物的毒性总体上降低，这可能是由于金属离子与天然有机物结合导致生物利用度降低。与其他藻类相比，铜化合物对蓝藻的毒性更大，而在 ANW 中这种影响并没有得到修正。TiO NPs 直到 100 mg l 都不会抑制硅藻和蓝藻的生物量生产和光合作用，但会抑制绿藻在 OECD201 培养基中的生物量生产（EC 14-15 mg l）。TiO NPs 也没有显著抑制 Fv/Fm 直到 100 mg l，这表明其对光合作用的一般影响不大。TiO NPs 的不良影响至少部分归因于细胞-NP 异质团聚。我们的数据为工程纳米颗粒的完整风险评估提供了信息，填补了纳米颗粒在环境现实条件下的效应数据空白。
