MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal; UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal.
MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Fish Ecology & Evolution, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Seestrasse 79, Kastanienbaum, 6047, Switzerland.
Mar Environ Res. 2018 Oct;141:148-158. doi: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.08.015. Epub 2018 Aug 27.
Extreme events associated with global warming, such as ocean heat waves, can have contrasting fitness consequences for different species, thereby modifying the structure and composition of marine communities. Here, we examined the effects of a laboratory simulated heat wave on the physiology and performance of two Indo-Pacific crustacean species: the shrimp Rhynchocinetes durbanensis and the hermit crab Calcinus laevimanus. We exposed the crustaceans to a control temperature or to a +5 °C temperature (25 °C vs 30 °C) for two consecutive weeks, and weekly analyzed protective proteins, antioxidant activity, and lipid peroxides in muscle and visceral mass. Fulton's K, total protein, %C, and C:N molar ratio of muscle tissue were also analyzed at the end of the experiment. Results showed that 1) the most responsive tissues were the muscle in the shrimp species and the visceral mass in the hermit crab species; 2) biomarker responses in both species occurred mostly after 7 days of exposure; 3) temperature stress led to an increase in biomarker levels; 4) highest biomarker fold-changes were detected in protective chaperones and antioxidants superoxide dismutase and glutathione-S-transferase; 4) integrated biomarker indices suggested poorer health status in individuals subjected to the heat wave; 5) performance changes at the organism level were only detected in R. durbanensis; and 6) mortality rates of both species remained unchanged with the heat wave. Finally, we concluded that these species are capable of physiological adjustments in response to rapid environmental changes, which ultimately confers them with enough thermal tolerance to withstand this simulated heat wave without major consequences for fitness.
与全球变暖相关的极端事件，如海洋热浪，可能会对不同物种产生相反的适应后果，从而改变海洋群落的结构和组成。在这里，我们研究了实验室模拟热浪对两种印太地区甲壳类动物的生理和性能的影响：虾 Rhynchocinetes durbanensis 和寄居蟹 Calcinus laevimanus。我们将甲壳类动物暴露在对照温度或 +5°C 温度（25°C 对 30°C）下连续两周，并每周分析肌肉和内脏组织中的保护蛋白、抗氧化活性和脂质过氧化物。实验结束时还分析了肌肉组织的 Fulton's K、总蛋白、%C 和 C:N 摩尔比。结果表明：1）最敏感的组织是虾类的肌肉和寄居蟹类的内脏组织；2）两种物种的生物标志物反应主要发生在暴露 7 天后；3）温度应激导致生物标志物水平升高；4）在保护伴侣蛋白和抗氧化剂超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶中检测到最高的生物标志物倍数变化；4）综合生物标志物指数表明，暴露于热浪下的个体健康状况较差；5）仅在 R. durbanensis 中检测到生物体水平的性能变化；6）两种物种的死亡率均未因热浪而改变。最后，我们得出结论，这些物种能够对快速的环境变化做出生理调整，这使它们具有足够的耐热性来承受这种模拟热浪，而不会对适应性产生重大影响。
