Lince-Deroche N, Shochet T, Sibeko J, Mdlopane L, Pato S, Makhubele Q S, Bessenaar T
Ibis Reproductive Health, Johannesburg, South Africa.
S Afr Med J. 2018 Jul 25;108(8):682-686. doi: 10.7196/SAMJ.2018.v108i8.12794.
In South Africa (SA), HIV prevalence is significantly higher in young women than in young men. Intergenerational relationships and women's dependence on men are known HIV risks.
To qualitatively explore young women's perceptions and experiences of dating younger and older men and their perceived risks for gender-based violence.
From July to September 2011, we conducted eight focus group discussions (FGDs) and 20 in-depth interviews (IDIs) with young women aged 15 - 24 years. Women were recruited from two SA communities: one urban location in Gauteng Province and one rural location in Limpopo Province. All interviews were recorded, transcribed and translated from local languages into English. The study team then analysed the transcripts thematically, using an inductive approach, with ATLAS-ti (v6.2) software.
In total, 110 young women participated, 20 of them in both the FGDs and the IDIs. Young men were viewed by the participants as immature, unable to provide financially and likely to be HIV-positive, although young women sought out young men for 'love', mutual understanding and intimacy. In contrast, older men were perceived as easy to respect, ready for marriage and able to provide for women's needs. Young women sought older men as providers, but acknowledged that older men were more likely to be violent and that discussing sexual and reproductive health and HIV with them was difficult. Young women expressed the belief that if a man was providing for them financially, he had 'the right' to use violence.
The interviews highlighted young women's mixed views on the 'value' of older v. younger partners, and the perceived and real risks of violence in intergenerational relationships. There is a need for interventions addressing power dynamics in relationships, including healthy communication. However, to address young women's vulnerability to violence, ultimately young women and their families need access to economic opportunities that reduce dependence on transactional relationships.
在南非，年轻女性中的艾滋病毒流行率显著高于年轻男性。代际关系以及女性对男性的依赖是已知的艾滋病毒风险因素。
定性探索年轻女性与年轻男性及年长男性约会的认知和经历，以及她们对基于性别的暴力的感知风险。
2011年7月至9月，我们对15至24岁的年轻女性进行了8次焦点小组讨论（FGD）和20次深入访谈（IDI）。这些女性来自南非的两个社区：豪登省的一个城市地区和林波波省的一个农村地区。所有访谈均进行了录音、转录，并从当地语言翻译成英语。研究团队随后使用归纳法，借助ATLAS-ti（v6.2）软件对转录本进行了主题分析。
共有110名年轻女性参与，其中20人同时参加了焦点小组讨论和深入访谈。参与者认为年轻男性不成熟，无法提供经济支持，且可能感染艾滋病毒，尽管年轻女性会出于“爱情”、相互理解和亲密感而寻找年轻男性。相比之下，年长男性被认为易于尊敬，准备好结婚且能够满足女性的需求。年轻女性将年长男性视为供养者，但也承认年长男性更有可能实施暴力，并且与他们讨论性健康、生殖健康和艾滋病毒问题很困难。年轻女性表示相信，如果一个男人在经济上供养她们，他就有“权利”使用暴力。
访谈突出了年轻女性对年长伴侣与年轻伴侣“价值”的复杂看法，以及代际关系中暴力的感知风险和实际风险。需要开展干预措施来解决关系中的权力动态问题，包括健康沟通。然而，为解决年轻女性易受暴力侵害的问题，最终年轻女性及其家庭需要获得经济机会，以减少对交易性（两性）关系的依赖。
