Department of Biology and Center for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
Environmental Monitoring and Science Division, Alberta Environment and Parks, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2018 Dec;37(12):3145-3153. doi: 10.1002/etc.4265. Epub 2018 Oct 16.
Veterinary pharmaceuticals are widely used as food additives in the poultry industry, and the unknown consequences of releasing these compounds into the environment are of concern. The purpose of the present study was to determine the direct impact of 2 veterinary pharmaceuticals (nicarbazin and monensin), commonly used in the poultry industry, on nontarget invertebrates and plant species. Ecotoxicological tests were used to evaluate the acute and chronic toxicity in earthworms (Eisenia andrei), collembolans (Folsomia candida), and 2 plant species (Brassica rapa and Triticum aestivum). Chemical analytical measurements were in good agreement with the nominal concentrations used, although some variability was seen. The results obtained showed no effects of nicarbazin at the highest nominal tested concentration of 1000 mg a.i./kg soil dry weight on any of the organisms, whereas exposure to monensin caused a concentration-specific response pattern. Species sensitivity to monensin decreased in the following rank order: B. rapa > T. aestivum > E. andrei > F. candida, with measured median effect concentrations (based on soil exposure) ranging between approximately 10 and 120 mg/kg. Our results emphasize the importance of using a test battery when assessing ecotoxicological effects by using different ecophysiological endpoints and species from different trophic levels. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:3145-3153. © 2018 SETAC.
兽用药品在禽类养殖业中被广泛用作食品添加剂，而这些化合物释放到环境中所带来的未知后果令人担忧。本研究的目的是确定 2 种常用于禽类养殖业的兽用药品（尼卡巴嗪和莫能菌素）对非目标无脊椎动物和植物物种的直接影响。采用生态毒理学试验来评估这 2 种药品对蚯蚓（赤子爱胜蚓）、弹尾目昆虫（透明颤菌）和 2 种植物物种（油菜和冬小麦）的急性和慢性毒性。化学分析测量结果与所用名义浓度吻合良好，尽管存在一定的变异性。结果表明，在最高名义测试浓度 1000mg a.i./kg 土壤干重下，尼卡巴嗪对任何生物均无影响，而莫能菌素暴露则呈现出浓度特异性的响应模式。各物种对莫能菌素的敏感性按以下等级递减：油菜>冬小麦>赤子爱胜蚓>透明颤菌，基于土壤暴露的测定中值效应浓度（EC50）范围约为 10-120mg/kg。本研究结果强调了在评估生态毒理学效应时，使用不同生态生理终点和不同营养级别的物种进行测试组合的重要性。
