尼日利亚北部卡诺地区细菌性角膜溃疡的临床特征及抗生素敏感性

Clinical pattern and antibiotic sensitivity of bacterial corneal ulcers in Kano, Northern Nigeria.

作者信息

Abubakar Usman Mijinyawa, Lawan Abdu, Muhammad Isyaku

机构信息

Department of Ophthalmology, Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital, Kano, Nigeria.

Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Clinical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria.

出版信息

Ann Afr Med. 2018 Jul-Sep;17(3):151-155. doi: 10.4103/aam.aam_59_17.

DOI:10.4103/aam.aam_59_17

PMID:30185685

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6126045/

Abstract

PURPOSE

The purpose of this study is to determine predisposing factors, common bacterial causes, and antibiotic sensitivity of corneal ulcers in Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A prospective, cross-sectional, observational study was carried out on patients with corneal ulcers. Information on relevant clinical, sociodemographic profile was obtained. Examination includes visual acuity test and slit-lamp biomicroscopy, especially fluorescein staining. Corneal scrapings from the ulcer were inoculated onto the selected solid culture media plates. Gram staining for microscopic examination was done. Antibiotic sensitivity test on different antibiograms was done using modified Kirby-Bauer technique, determining bacterial isolate sensitivity or resistance to relevant antibiotics (chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, gentamicin, tetracycline, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, and penicillin).

RESULTS

A total of 77 patients with corneal ulcer were examined. Ocular trauma, application of harmful traditional eye medication, and use of unspecified topical medication before presentation were among the predisposing factors. Bacterial growth was seen in 46.8% of the samples, of which 28.6% of the growth were Gram-positive. The common bacteria isolated were Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Proteus species, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin while an intermediate sensitivity was seen with chloramphenicol and gentamicin. Isolates were resistant to tetracycline, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, and penicillin.

CONCLUSION

Ocular trauma was the major predisposing factor to corneal ulcer, and Staphylococcus species was the major bacterial organism isolated. Isolates were found to be sensitive to ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin, while an intermediate sensitivity was seen with chloramphenicol and gentamicin.

摘要

目的

本研究旨在确定穆尔塔拉·穆罕默德专科医院角膜溃疡的诱发因素、常见细菌病因及抗生素敏感性。

材料与方法

对角膜溃疡患者进行了一项前瞻性、横断面观察性研究。获取了有关临床、社会人口学特征的信息。检查包括视力测试和裂隙灯生物显微镜检查，尤其是荧光素染色。将溃疡处的角膜刮片接种到选定的固体培养基平板上。进行革兰氏染色以进行显微镜检查。使用改良的 Kirby-Bauer 技术对不同抗菌谱进行抗生素敏感性测试，确定细菌分离株对相关抗生素（氯霉素、环丙沙星、氧氟沙星、庆大霉素、四环素、头孢他啶、头孢曲松、头孢噻肟和青霉素）的敏感性或耐药性。

结果

共检查了 77 例角膜溃疡患者。诱发因素包括眼外伤、使用有害的传统眼药以及就诊前使用未指明的局部药物。46.8%的样本中可见细菌生长，其中 28.6%的生长为革兰氏阳性。分离出的常见细菌有表皮葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎链球菌、变形杆菌属和肺炎克雷伯菌。分离株对环丙沙星和氧氟沙星敏感，而对氯霉素和庆大霉素呈中度敏感。分离株对四环素、头孢他啶、头孢曲松、头孢噻肟和青霉素耐药。