Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
Laboratorio de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Biomed Res Int. 2018 Aug 13;2018:9183053. doi: 10.1155/2018/9183053. eCollection 2018.
In the capuchin monkey (), a new-world nonhuman primate, maternal exposure to constant light during last third of gestation induces precocious maturation of the fetal adrenal and increased plasma cortisol in the newborn. Here, we further explored the effects of this challenge on the developmental programming of adrenal function in newborn and infant capuchin monkeys. We measured (i) plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHAS) and cortisol response to ACTH in infants with suppressed endogenous ACTH, (ii) plasma DHAS and cortisol response to ACTH , and (iii) adrenal weight and expression level of key factors in steroid synthesis (StAR and 3-HSD). In one-month-old infants from mothers subjected to constant light, plasma levels of cortisol and cortisol response to ACTH were twofold higher, whereas plasma levels of DHAS and DHAS response to ACTH were markedly reduced, compared to control conditions. At 10 months of age, DHAS levels were still lower but closer to control animals, whereas cortisol response to ACTH was similar in both experimental groups. A compensatory response was detected at the adrenal level, consisting of a 30% increase in adrenal weight and about 50% reduction of both StAR and 3-HSD mRNA and protein expression and the magnitude of DHAS and cortisol response to ACTH . Hence, at birth and at 10 months of age, there were differential effects in DHAS, cortisol production, and their response to ACTH. However, by 10 months of age, these subsided, leading to a normal cortisol response to ACTH. These compensatory mechanisms may help to overcome the adrenal alterations induced during pregnancy to restore normal cortisol concentrations in the growing infant.
在卷尾猴（）中，一种新世界的非人类灵长类动物，母猴在妊娠的最后三分之一阶段持续暴露在光照下会导致胎儿肾上腺过早成熟，并使新生儿的血浆皮质醇升高。在这里，我们进一步探讨了这种挑战对新生和婴儿卷尾猴肾上腺功能发育编程的影响。我们测量了（i）内源性 ACTH 受抑制的婴儿的血浆脱氢表雄酮硫酸盐（DHAS）和皮质醇对 ACTH 的反应，（ii）血浆 DHAS 和皮质醇对 ACTH 的反应，以及（iii）肾上腺重量和类固醇合成的关键因素（StAR 和 3-HSD）的表达水平。在来自持续光照下的母亲的一个月大的婴儿中，皮质醇和皮质醇对 ACTH 的反应的血浆水平比对照条件高两倍，而 DHAS 和 DHAS 对 ACTH 的反应的血浆水平则显著降低。在 10 个月大时，DHAS 水平仍然较低，但更接近对照动物，而皮质醇对 ACTH 的反应在两组实验动物中相似。在肾上腺水平上检测到一种代偿性反应，包括肾上腺重量增加 30%，StAR 和 3-HSD mRNA 和蛋白质表达减少约 50%，以及 DHAS 和皮质醇对 ACTH 的反应的幅度。因此，在出生时和 10 个月大时，DHAS、皮质醇的产生及其对 ACTH 的反应存在差异。然而，到 10 个月大时，这些差异消失了，导致皮质醇对 ACTH 的正常反应。这些代偿机制可能有助于克服怀孕期间肾上腺的改变，以恢复生长中婴儿的正常皮质醇浓度。
