Witt Sofia, Englander Emma, Kumlien Christine, Axelsson Malin
Faculty of Health and Society, Department of Care Science, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
Health Center Fågelbacken, Malmö, Sweden.
Int J Older People Nurs. 2018 Dec;13(4):e12209. doi: 10.1111/opn.12209. Epub 2018 Sep 5.
Falls are a common and often a devastating health hazard for older people, causing suffering, morbidity and mortality. Falls are costly for society in terms of both resources and direct medical costs. Although knowledge about falls and fall prevention is well known, falls among older people are still a major problem.
The aim was to estimate the prevalence of the risk of falls among older people receiving municipal health care. A further aim was to investigate the consistency between fall risk factors and preventive nursing interventions.
A cross-sectional register study.
Data containing risk assessments based on the Downton Fall Risk Index (DFRI) and planned interventions by the municipal health care were collected from the Swedish national quality registry, Senior Alert. Data were analysed using descriptive and analytic statistics.
In the sample of 5,427 older people, the prevalence of the risk of falling was 79%. There was a difference in prevalence between the different types of municipal health care, sex and age. The most common preventive intervention was environment adjustments, and the least planned intervention was information/education about falls. Physical activity as an intervention was planned among 13.2% of the participants. Approximately 27% of the older people did not have any planned interventions despite being at risk of falling. Planned interventions did not always correspond with the risk factors; for instance, only 35.4% of those at risk of falling due to medication obtained pharmaceutical reviews as a preventive measure to decrease the risk.
The risk of falling is common among older people, and the preventive interventions do not sufficiently follow current evidence. This implies that systematic implementation of fall-prevention guidelines is needed in municipal care.
A better match between identified risk factors and preventive interventions is warranted.
跌倒对老年人来说是一种常见且往往具有毁灭性的健康危害，会导致痛苦、发病和死亡。跌倒在资源和直接医疗成本方面给社会带来高昂代价。尽管关于跌倒和预防跌倒的知识广为人知，但老年人跌倒仍是一个重大问题。
旨在估计接受市政医疗保健的老年人中跌倒风险的患病率。另一个目的是调查跌倒风险因素与预防性护理干预措施之间的一致性。
一项横断面登记研究。
从瑞典国家质量登记处“老年人警报”收集基于唐顿跌倒风险指数（DFRI）的风险评估数据以及市政医疗保健计划的干预措施。使用描述性和分析性统计方法对数据进行分析。
在5427名老年人的样本中，跌倒风险的患病率为79%。不同类型的市政医疗保健、性别和年龄之间的患病率存在差异。最常见的预防性干预措施是环境调整，而计划最少的干预措施是关于跌倒的信息/教育。13.2%的参与者计划进行体育活动作为干预措施。尽管有跌倒风险，但约27%的老年人没有任何计划的干预措施。计划的干预措施并不总是与风险因素相符；例如，因药物治疗有跌倒风险的人中，只有35.4%接受了药物审查作为降低风险的预防措施。
跌倒风险在老年人中很常见，预防性干预措施没有充分遵循当前证据。这意味着市政护理中需要系统地实施跌倒预防指南。
有必要使已确定的风险因素与预防性干预措施更好地匹配。
