Dentistry Unit, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children's Research Hospital, Rome, Italy.
Section of Orthodontics, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
Orthod Craniofac Res. 2018 Nov;21(4):242-247. doi: 10.1111/ocr.12242. Epub 2018 Sep 6.
To describe the prevalence of malocclusions in 2- to 10-year-old children suffering from obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and to evaluate the association between occlusal variables and OSA.
A total of 2101 consecutive patients referred to an otorhinolaryngology unit were considered for the study. One hundred and fifty-six children (range 2-10 years) with suspected OSA were selected for a sleep study. The final sample consisted of 139 children suffering from OSA and a control group of 137 children.
All patients included in the study underwent a clinical orthodontic examination to record the following occlusal variables: primary canine relationship, presence of a posterior crossbite, overjet and overbite. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals, comparing the demographic characteristics and dental parameters in OSA vs non-OSA children, were computed. Multivariable logistic regression models were developed to compare independent variables associated with OSA to non-OSA children.
The prevalence of malocclusions in children with OSA was 89.9% compared to 60.6% in the control group (P < 0.001). Factors independently associated with OSA compared to the control group were posterior crossbite (OR = 3.38; 95%CI:1.73-6.58), reduced overbite (OR = 2.43; 95%CI:1.15-5.15.), increased overbite (OR = 2.19; 95%CI:1.12-4.28) and increased overjet (OR = 4.25; 95%CI:1.90-9.48).
This study showed a high prevalence of malocclusion in children with OSA compared to the control group. The posterior crossbite and deviations in overjet and overbite were significantly associated with OSA. The presence of these occlusal features shows the importance of an orthodontic evaluation in screening for paediatric OSA.
描述患有阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）的 2 至 10 岁儿童的错畸形患病率，并评估咬合变量与 OSA 之间的关系。
共考虑了 2101 名连续转诊到耳鼻喉科的患者。选择了 156 名（2-10 岁）疑似 OSA 的儿童进行睡眠研究。最终样本包括 139 名患有 OSA 的儿童和 137 名对照组儿童。
所有纳入研究的患者均接受临床正畸检查，以记录以下咬合变量：初级尖牙关系、后牙反颌、覆合和覆盖。计算比较 OSA 与非 OSA 儿童的人口统计学特征和牙齿参数的比值比和 95%置信区间。建立多变量逻辑回归模型，以比较与 OSA 相关的独立变量与非 OSA 儿童。
患有 OSA 的儿童的错畸形患病率为 89.9%，而对照组为 60.6%（P<0.001）。与对照组相比，与 OSA 独立相关的因素包括后牙反颌（OR=3.38；95%CI：1.73-6.58）、覆合减少（OR=2.43；95%CI：1.15-5.15）、覆合增加（OR=2.19；95%CI：1.12-4.28）和覆盖增加（OR=4.25；95%CI：1.90-9.48）。
本研究显示，与对照组相比，患有 OSA 的儿童错畸形患病率较高。后牙反颌以及覆盖和覆合的偏差与 OSA 显著相关。这些咬合特征的存在表明，在筛查小儿 OSA 时，进行正畸评估非常重要。
