Neuropsychology Research Unit, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia.
Neurology Department, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Brisbane, Australia; Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane, Australia.
Neuropsychologia. 2018 Oct;119:349-362. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.09.004. Epub 2018 Sep 5.
Energization is the process of initiating and sustaining a response over time. It has been described as one of three key "supervisory" attentional control processes associated with the frontal lobes. Attentional mechanisms, such as energization, are critical for a range of cognitive functions, such as spontaneous speech and other higher-order tasks. We aimed to investigate the process of energization in a case series of patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Patients with a diagnosis of PSP (N = 5), patient controls with a neurodegenerative condition (Alzheimer's disease N = 3, frontotemporal dementia N = 2) and healthy older adult controls (N = 30) were assessed on a standard neuropsychological battery, including executive tasks and standard attention and language tests. Energization was investigated using word fluency tasks, samples of spontaneous speech and an experimental button-pressing concentration task. Response rates for the word fluency, spontaneous speech and concentration tasks were separated into time periods, in order to compare response rates at different points across the tasks (e.g., first 15 s vs. last 45 s in a 60 s task). Four PSP patients showed a clear response pattern indicative of a decrease in energization. Healthy and patient controls remained consistent in their responding over time. Understanding how these underlying processes are impaired in PSP can ultimately inform intervention and management strategies, and has theoretical implications for models of spoken language production.
激励是一个随着时间的推移而启动和维持反应的过程。它被描述为与额叶相关的三个关键“监督”注意控制过程之一。注意机制，如激励，对于一系列认知功能至关重要，例如自发言语和其他高级任务。我们旨在调查进行性核上性麻痹 (PSP) 患者系列病例中的激励过程。诊断为 PSP 的患者 (N=5)、具有神经退行性疾病的患者对照 (阿尔茨海默病 N=3、额颞叶痴呆 N=2) 和健康老年对照 (N=30) 接受了标准神经心理学测试，包括执行任务和标准注意力和语言测试。使用词汇流畅性任务、自发言语样本和实验按钮按压集中任务来研究激励。将词汇流畅性、自发言语和集中任务的反应率分为时间段，以便比较任务不同点的反应率（例如，在 60 秒任务中，前 15 秒与后 45 秒）。四名 PSP 患者表现出明确的反应模式，表明激励下降。健康和患者对照在整个时间的反应中保持一致。了解这些潜在过程在 PSP 中的受损情况最终可以为干预和管理策略提供信息，并对口语产生模型具有理论意义。
