J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2019 Jan-Feb;59(1):89-107. doi: 10.1016/j.japh.2018.07.002. Epub 2018 Sep 6.
Recognizing pharmacists' increasing roles as primary care providers, programs offering remuneration for patient care services, and the administration of injections by pharmacists continue to be implemented. The objective of this article is to provide an update on remuneration programs available to pharmacists internationally for nondispensing services.
Systematic searches for relevant articles published from January 2013 to February 2018 across Pubmed (Medline), Embase, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, Cochrane Library, Econlit, Scopus, and Web of Science. Gray literature searches, including targeted searches of websites of payers and pharmacy associations, were also performed.
Programs were included if they were newly introduced or had changes to patient eligibility criteria and fees since previously published reviews and if they were established programs offered by third-party payers for activities separate from dispensing.
Descriptive information on each program was extracted, including the program's jurisdiction (country and state, provincial, or regional level, as applicable), payer, service description, patient eligibility criteria, and fee structure.
Over the 5-year period studied, 95 new programs for noninjection patient care services and 37 programs for pharmacist-administered injections were introduced. Large ranges in fees offered for similar programs were observed across programs, even within the same country or region, at an average of $US 71 for an initial medication review, $19 for follow-ups to these reviews, $18 for prescription adaptations, and $13 for injection administration. Apart from some smoking cessation programs in England, which offered incentive payments for successful quits, all services were remunerated on a fee-for-service basis, often in the form of a flat fee regardless of the time spent providing the service.
Although funding for pharmacists' activities continues to show growth, concerns identified in previous reviews persist, including the great variability in remunerated activities, patient eligibility, and fees. These issues may limit opportunities for multijurisdictional program and service outcome evaluation.
随着药剂师作为初级保健提供者的角色日益得到认可，为患者护理服务提供报酬的计划和药剂师注射管理的计划继续得到实施。本文的目的是提供国际上药剂师非处方服务报酬计划的最新信息。
从 2013 年 1 月到 2018 年 2 月，通过 Pubmed（Medline）、Embase、国际药学文摘、 Cochrane 图书馆、Econlit、Scopus 和 Web of Science 对相关文章进行了系统搜索。还进行了灰色文献搜索，包括对支付者和药剂师协会网站的有针对性搜索。
如果计划是自上次发表的综述以来新推出的或对患者资格标准和费用进行了更改的，并且是第三方支付者为与配药分开的活动提供的既定计划，则将其纳入计划。
提取了每个计划的描述性信息，包括计划的管辖范围（国家和州、省或地区，视情况而定）、支付者、服务描述、患者资格标准和费用结构。
在所研究的 5 年期间，推出了 95 项新的非注射患者护理服务计划和 37 项药剂师管理注射计划。即使在同一国家或地区内，类似计划的费用也存在很大差异，平均而言，初始药物审查费用为 71 美元，这些审查的随访费用为 19 美元，处方调整费用为 18 美元，注射管理费用为 13 美元。除了英格兰的一些戒烟计划为成功戒烟提供激励性报酬外，所有服务均按服务收费方式付费，通常是无论提供服务所花费的时间长短，都收取固定费用。
尽管药剂师活动的资金继续增长，但之前综述中发现的问题仍然存在，包括报酬活动、患者资格和费用的巨大差异。这些问题可能会限制多司法管辖区计划和服务结果评估的机会。
