Department of Gerontology, University of Haifa, 199 Abba Khoushy Ave., Haifa 3498838, Israel.
School of Social Work, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel.
Psychiatry Res. 2018 Nov;269:565-570. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.08.081. Epub 2018 Aug 25.
The effect of retirement on depressive symptoms remains a subject of scientific inquiry, given the fact that previous studies have found mixed results. Moreover, the possible effect of depressive symptoms on the propensity to retire remains relatively understudied. Given the sheer number of retirees, and the significance of depressive symptoms for individuals' well-being and ability to work, as well as for societies at large, we used a large longitudinal dataset to examine the reciprocal effects of retirement on depressive symptoms, and of depressive symptoms on the propensity to retire. Using six waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) data collected over a period of 10 years (N = 6584), we tested cross-lagged models of the reciprocal relationships between retirement and depressive symptoms. The analysis revealed that retirement results in increased depressive symptoms, and that depressive symptoms increase the likelihood of retirement. No sex differences in the lagged associations were found. We conclude that depressive symptoms are a risk factor for retirement, and practitioners should try and identify older workers suffering from depression prior to the retirement transition. Similarly, as retirement increases depressive symptoms, the transition should be treated as an important and sometimes risky milestone, where adequate preparation is required.
鉴于先前的研究结果存在差异，退休对抑郁症状的影响仍是科学研究的课题。此外，抑郁症状对退休倾向的可能影响相对研究较少。鉴于退休人数众多，以及抑郁症状对个人幸福感和工作能力以及整个社会的重要性，我们使用了一个大型纵向数据集来检验退休对抑郁症状的反向影响，以及抑郁症状对退休倾向的反向影响。我们利用健康与退休研究（HRS）在 10 年期间收集的六波数据（N=6584），测试了退休和抑郁症状之间的交叉滞后模型。分析表明，退休会导致抑郁症状加重，而抑郁症状会增加退休的可能性。滞后关联中没有发现性别差异。我们的结论是，抑郁症状是退休的一个风险因素，从业者应该在退休过渡之前尝试识别患有抑郁症的老年工人。同样，由于退休会增加抑郁症状，因此应将过渡视为一个重要且有时风险较高的里程碑，需要做好充分的准备。
