Segel-Karpas Dikla, Shrira Amit, Cohn-Schwartz Ella, Bodner Ehud
University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
Eur J Ageing. 2022 Jan 13;19(3):741-751. doi: 10.1007/s10433-021-00681-z. eCollection 2022 Sep.
Studies indicate that both subjective age-individuals' perception of their own age as older or younger than their chronological age, and attitudes to ageing are related to physical and mental health. Less is known about the possible dual effect of these two constructs of subjective views of ageing. In the current study, 334 participants (aged 30-90, = 58.15) reported their daily subjective age and mental health along 14 consecutive days. Attitudes to ageing were measured at baseline. Results indicated that daily variation in subjective age was related to daily variation in depressive symptoms, such that people experienced more depressive symptoms at days they felt older. Furthermore, we found that attitudes to ageing (perceptions of losses, physical change, and psychological growth) moderated this relationship. The covariation between daily subjective age and daily depressive symptoms was stronger when attitudes to ageing were less favorable (e.g., high perceptions of losses and low psychological growth). The moderating effect of losses was especially prominent among older participants. This indicates that attitudes to ageing moderate the toll that feeling old takes on mental health, especially in older age. The results also emphasize the need to understand how different subjective views on ageing, measured in different time frames, operate interactively to shape individual's daily experiences.
研究表明，主观年龄（即个体对自己年龄的认知，认为自己比实际年龄大或小）以及对衰老的态度都与身心健康有关。对于衰老的这两种主观观点构建可能产生的双重影响，我们所知甚少。在当前的研究中，334名参与者（年龄在30至90岁之间，平均年龄 = 58.15岁）连续14天报告了他们每天的主观年龄和心理健康状况。在基线时测量了对衰老的态度。结果表明，主观年龄的每日变化与抑郁症状的每日变化有关，即人们在感觉自己年龄较大的日子里会经历更多的抑郁症状。此外，我们发现对衰老的态度（对损失、身体变化和心理成长的认知）调节了这种关系。当对衰老的态度不太积极时（例如，对损失的高认知和心理成长的低认知），每日主观年龄与每日抑郁症状之间的协变更强。损失的调节作用在老年参与者中尤为突出。这表明对衰老的态度调节了感觉自己年老对心理健康造成的影响，尤其是在老年时期。研究结果还强调了有必要了解在不同时间框架内测量的对衰老的不同主观观点如何相互作用，以塑造个体的日常体验。
