Dong Lin-Lin, Su Li-Li, Wei Guang-Fei, Li Meng-Zhi, Xu Ya-Ru, Wang Huan-Huan, Chen Shi-Lin
Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2018 Aug;43(15):3070-3079. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20180702.001.
Aimed to solve the issues of pesticide residue, heavy metal contents and harmful elements in the productive process of Chinese herbal medicines, the research team built the technical regulations for production of pollution-free Chinese herbal medicines. This regulation included the environment of production area, the process of production, quality of products etc., which were the key steps controlled the quality of Chinese herbal medicines. The environment of production area was selected according to the ecological factors which were stipulated by Ecological Suitability Regionalization of Chinese herbal medicines (second edition). The quality of air should be attain the one or two levels of GB/T3095-2012 standard values. The cultivation soils should reach to the one or two levels of GB15618 and NY/T391 standard values. The quality of irrigation water should accord with the stipulation of GB5084-2005. Aimed to the production of Chinese herbal medicines, disease-resistant and superior varieties which were suitable to the local stations should be selected, and the breeding of superior seeds and seedlings should be strengthened. Additionally, rational fertilizer application of pollution-free Chinese herbal medicines should be conformed to the principles, requirements, and the kinds of fertilizers allowed or limited for use, which were stipulated by the standard of DB13/T454. Furthermore, the plant protection policy of priority to prevention and synthetical prevention should be followed; improving ecological environment and strengthening cultivation management should be served as the basics. Agricultural measures, and biological and physical control strategies should be preferred to use; and high toxicity, residue pesticide and its mixture should be inhibited; the use of chemical pesticides should be minimized and then to decrease contamination and residue. Additionally, the quality of products should be reached to the standard of pollution-free Chinese herbal medicines; high toxicity and detection rate of pesticide residues and the contents of heavy metal and harmful elements (e.g. plumbum, cadmium, mercury, arsenic and cuprum) should accord with the common criteria of pollution-free Chinese herbal medicines. Application of technical regulations for production of pollution-free Chinese herbal medicines guarantees significantly social, economic and ecological benefits.
为解决中药材生产过程中的农药残留、重金属含量及有害元素等问题，研究团队制定了无公害中药材生产技术规程。该规程涵盖了生产区域环境、生产过程、产品质量等方面，这些都是控制中药材质量的关键环节。生产区域环境依据《中药材生态适宜性区划（第二版）》规定的生态因子进行选择。空气质量应达到GB/T3095 - 2012标准值的一级或二级水平。种植土壤应达到GB15618和NY/T391标准值的一级或二级水平。灌溉水质量应符合GB5084 - 2005的规定。针对中药材生产，应选择适合当地的抗病优质品种，并加强良种繁育。此外，无公害中药材合理施肥应符合DB13/T454标准规定的原则、要求以及允许或限量使用的肥料种类。再者，应遵循“预防为主、综合防治”的植保方针，以改善生态环境、加强栽培管理为基础。优先采用农业措施、生物及物理防治手段，禁止使用高毒、残留农药及其复配剂，尽量减少化学农药使用量，以降低污染和残留。另外，产品质量应达到无公害中药材标准，高毒及农药残留检测率以及重金属和有害元素（如铅、镉、汞、砷、铜）含量应符合无公害中药材的通用标准。无公害中药材生产技术规程的应用显著保障了社会、经济和生态效益。
