Bile acid homeostasis in gastrointestinal and metabolic complications of cystic fibrosis.

With the improved treatment of the pulmonary complications of cystic fibrosis (CF), gastrointestinal problems have become more important in the morbidity in CF. A hallmark of the gastrointestinal phenotype of CF, apart from pancreatic insufficiency, is a disruption of bile acid homeostasis. Bile acid homeostasis is important for many gastrointestinal processes including fat absorption, inflammation, microbial composition, as well as regulation of whole body energy metabolism. This review describes the impairment of bile acid homeostasis in CF, its possible consequences for gastrointestinal and metabolic complications and its potential as a target for therapy.