Human Performance Lab, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland.
Laboratory of Exercise and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Br J Sports Med. 2019 Mar;53(5):282-288. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2017-098944. Epub 2018 Sep 10.
To identify which exercise combinations are most effective as part of a lower extremity injury prevention programme for team-sport athletes.
Umbrella review.
A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library and PEDro databases. Studies published between January 2000 and March 2017 were included in this umbrella review.
Moderate to high-quality systematic reviews that investigated the effectiveness of a combination of two or more exercise components, that is, strength, agility, plyometrics, balance, stretching, technique, warm-up and functional activity, regarding injury incidence/rate of lower extremity injuries in team-sport athletes. The methodological quality of the included systematic reviews was independently assessed by two reviewers using the Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews measurement tool and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation guidelines were used to assess the overall quality of evidence for particular outcomes.
Twenty-four systematic reviews met the inclusion criteria. Multicomponent exercise interventions were effective in reducing the injury incidence/rate of lower extremity, knee, ACL and ankle injuries, but not groin injuries. Strength and balance exercise components were included in 10 of 11 effective injury prevention programmes for the lower extremity, knee, ACL and ankle injuries.
SUMMARY/CONCLUSION: Lower extremity injury prevention programmes in team sports are effective in preventing lower extremity, knee, ACL and ankle injuries. Lower extremity muscle strength and balance exercises should be prioritised in lower extremity injury prevention programmes for team-sport athletes.
确定作为团队运动运动员下肢损伤预防计划的一部分，哪些运动组合最有效。
伞式综述。
在 PubMed、Scopus、Cochrane 图书馆和 PEDro 数据库中进行了全面的文献检索。纳入了这项伞式综述的研究发表于 2000 年 1 月至 2017 年 3 月之间。
中等至高质量的系统评价，调查了两种或多种运动成分（即力量、敏捷性、增强式训练、平衡、伸展、技术、热身和功能性活动）组合的有效性，这些成分与团队运动运动员下肢损伤的发生率/下肢损伤率有关。两位评审员使用评估系统评价方法学质量的测量工具和评估建议分级、发展和评估指南独立评估纳入系统评价的方法学质量，用于评估特定结果的证据总体质量。
24 项系统评价符合纳入标准。多成分运动干预措施可有效降低下肢、膝关节、前交叉韧带和踝关节损伤的发生率/发生率，但对腹股沟损伤无效。在 11 项针对下肢、膝关节、前交叉韧带和踝关节损伤的有效预防计划中，有 10 项包含了力量和平衡运动成分。
总结/结论：团队运动中的下肢损伤预防计划可有效预防下肢、膝关节、前交叉韧带和踝关节损伤。下肢肌肉力量和平衡练习应优先考虑用于团队运动运动员的下肢损伤预防计划。
