Faculty of Health Sciences, Isabel I University, Burgos, Spain.
University of Valladolid, Soria, Spain -
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2021 Sep;61(9):1242-1251. doi: 10.23736/S0022-4707.21.11670-6. Epub 2021 Jan 22.
Hamstring injuries are the most prevalent time-loss injuries in sport, mainly in those modalities characterized by high-intensity and short-term actions, especially accelerations and decelerations during high-speed running. Expanding the knowledge about this type of injury and its preventive programs could be a key strategy to reduce the hamstring injury incidence. Thus, this review aimed to study the effectiveness of different preventive programs based on exercise interventions on reducing the hamstring injury incidence in athletes.
An umbrella review was conducted through of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Physiotherapy Evidence Database databases. The methodological quality of the included systematic reviews was assessed through the Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews 2 and the quality of the evidence was evaluated using the modified Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation principles.
Eight systematic reviews and meta-analysis (40 primary studies) met the inclusion criteria, which included interventions based on eccentric strength, Nordic hamstring, proprioceptive training, stretching, FIFA11 and combined programs. From the qualitative synthesizes, three studies showed that eccentric-based training programs were effective; seventeen studies reported that Nordic hamstring-based programs were effective; three studies observed that stability training-based interventions were effective; two studies indicated that flexibility were effective; three studies claimed that FIFA11+based programs were effective; and two studies reported that combined programs were effective.
Exercise is a key strategy to reduce the hamstring injury incidence, being programs based on eccentric strength mainly by means of Nordic hamstring exercise, and on stability training, those programs which reported greater effectiveness.
腘绳肌损伤是运动中最常见的伤病，主要发生在那些以高强度和短时间动作为特征的运动中，尤其是在高速奔跑中进行加速和减速时。增加对这种损伤类型及其预防方案的了解可能是降低腘绳肌损伤发生率的关键策略。因此，本综述旨在研究基于运动干预的不同预防方案对减少运动员腘绳肌损伤发生率的有效性。
通过 PubMed/MEDLINE、Scopus、SPORTDiscus、Web of Science、Cochrane 图书馆和 Physiotherapy Evidence Database 数据库进行了伞式综述。通过评估系统性评价的方法学质量 2 版和使用改良的推荐评估、制定和评估原则评估证据质量，对纳入的系统性综述的方法学质量进行了评估。
八项系统性综述和荟萃分析（40 项原始研究）符合纳入标准，这些干预措施基于离心力量训练、北欧式腘绳肌训练、本体感受训练、伸展训练、FIFA11 和综合方案。从定性综合来看，有三项研究表明基于离心力量的训练方案是有效的；有十七项研究报告称基于北欧式腘绳肌的方案是有效的；有三项研究观察到基于稳定性训练的干预是有效的；两项研究表明柔韧性是有效的；三项研究声称 FIFA11+方案是有效的；两项研究报告称综合方案是有效的。
运动是降低腘绳肌损伤发生率的关键策略，基于离心力量的方案主要是通过北欧式腘绳肌运动，以及基于稳定性训练的方案，报告的效果更好。
