Wippold Guillermo M, Tucker Carolyn M, Smith Tasia M
Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
Am J Lifestyle Med. 2015 Mar 10;10(3):207-215. doi: 10.1177/1559827615575505. eCollection 2016 May-Jun.
Adolescents from low-income households and minority groups are disproportionately affected by obesity compared with their non-Hispanic white counterparts. Engaging in health promoting behaviors such as routinely eating healthy foods and snacks and engaging in physical activity are ways of preventing and reducing obesity and obesity disparities. The major purposes of the present study are (a) to identify the motivators of and barriers to eating healthy foods and snacks among culturally diverse adolescents and (b) to determine if the strengths of endorsement of these motivators and barriers differ by race, gender, and age. In the present study, a series of factor analyses was used to identify the motivators of and barriers to eating healthy foods and snacks among the culturally diverse adolescent participants (N = 172) in the national study. Specifically, an adolescent motivator of eating healthy foods and snacks scale, adolescent barrier to eating healthy foods and snacks scale, and subscales for each of these 2 scales were identified. The adolescent motivator subscales found were Knowledge and Commitment (α = .86) and Routine (α = .87). The adolescent barrier subscales found were Lack of Exposure (α = .72), Pessimistic Attitude (α = .80), and Temptation (α = .59). MANOVAs were used to determine if the mean scores for these scales and subscales differ by race, age, and gender. Nonsignificant differences were found among the mean scores for these scales and subscales. Results have implications for customizing adolescent health promotion interventions, including those to reduce and prevent obesity.
与非西班牙裔白人青少年相比，来自低收入家庭和少数群体的青少年受肥胖影响的比例更高。养成促进健康的行为，如经常食用健康食品和零食以及进行体育活动，是预防和减少肥胖及肥胖差距的方法。本研究的主要目的是：（a）确定不同文化背景的青少年食用健康食品和零食的动机及障碍；（b）确定这些动机和障碍的认可强度是否因种族、性别和年龄而异。在本研究中，我们使用了一系列因素分析来确定全国性研究中不同文化背景的青少年参与者（N = 172）食用健康食品和零食的动机及障碍。具体而言，我们确定了青少年食用健康食品和零食的动机量表、青少年食用健康食品和零食的障碍量表，以及这两个量表各自的子量表。发现的青少年动机子量表有知识与承诺（α = 0.86）和习惯（α = 0.87）。发现的青少年障碍子量表有缺乏接触（α = 0.72）、消极态度（α = 0.80）和诱惑（α = 0.59）。我们使用多变量方差分析来确定这些量表和子量表的平均得分是否因种族、年龄和性别而异。在这些量表和子量表的平均得分之间未发现显著差异。研究结果对定制青少年健康促进干预措施具有启示意义，包括那些旨在减少和预防肥胖的措施。
