Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Clin Infect Dis. 2019 May 2;68(10):1684-1690. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciy779.
Mumps is an acute viral illness that classically presents with parotitis. Although the United States experienced a 99% reduction in mumps cases following implementation of the 2-dose vaccination program in 1989, mumps has resurged in the past 10 years.
We assessed the epidemiological characteristics of mumps outbreaks with ≥20 cases reported in the United States electronically through the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System and from supplemental outbreak data through direct communications with jurisdictions from July 2010 through December 2015. Mumps cases were defined using the 2012 Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists case definition.
Twenty-three outbreaks with 20-485 cases per outbreak were reported in 18 jurisdictions. The duration of outbreaks ranged from 1.5 to 8.5 months (median, 3 months). All outbreaks involved close-contact settings; 18 (78%) involved universities, 16 (70%) occurred primarily among young adults (median age, 18-24 years), and 9 (39%) occurred in highly vaccinated populations (2-dose measles-mumps-rubella vaccine coverage ≥85%).
During 2010-2015, multiple mumps outbreaks among highly vaccinated populations in close-contact settings occurred. Most cases occurred among vaccinated young adults, suggesting that waning immunity played a role. Further evaluation of risk factors associated with these outbreaks is warranted.
流行性腮腺炎是一种急性病毒性疾病，其典型表现为腮腺炎症。尽管美国在 1989 年实施了两剂疫苗接种计划后，腮腺炎病例减少了 99%，但在过去的 10 年中，腮腺炎又再次爆发。
我们通过国家法定传染病监测系统电子方式，从 2010 年 7 月至 2015 年 12 月，从与各司法管辖区的直接通信中，评估了美国报告的≥20 例病例的流行性腮腺炎暴发的流行病学特征。流行性腮腺炎病例的定义采用 2012 年州和地区流行病学家理事会的病例定义。
在 18 个司法管辖区中报告了 23 起暴发，每起暴发有 20-485 例病例。暴发的持续时间从 1.5 至 8.5 个月不等（中位数为 3 个月）。所有暴发均涉及密切接触环境；18 起（78%）涉及大学，16 起（70%）主要发生在年轻人中（中位数年龄为 18-24 岁），9 起（39%）发生在高疫苗接种人群中（两剂麻疹-腮腺炎-风疹疫苗覆盖率≥85%）。
在 2010-2015 年期间，在密切接触环境中高度接种疫苗的人群中发生了多起流行性腮腺炎暴发。大多数病例发生在接种疫苗的年轻人中，这表明免疫力下降发挥了作用。需要进一步评估与这些暴发相关的风险因素。
