Topigs Norsvin Research Center, Beuningen, The Netherlands.
Wageningen University & Research Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
J Anim Sci. 2018 Nov 21;96(11):4780-4788. doi: 10.1093/jas/sky339.
Pig-breeding businesses have resulted in global breeding programs that select pigs to perform well on high-energy high-protein diets, which are traditionally based on corn and soybean meal. Nowadays, there is a shift toward diets based on cereals and co-products, therefore, high dietary inclusion of co-products can modify the expected performance of these pigs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of feeding a cereals-alternative ingredients diet (CA-diet) compared to a corn-soybean meal diet (CS-diet) on the growth performance, feed efficiency, and carcass characteristics of genetically similar growing-finishing gilts and boars. In total, 160 pigs, 80 gilts and 80 boars, coming from 18 litters were used. The pigs were blocked based on litter, to ensure no genetic differences between the 2 treatments. For the starter phase, pigs fed the CA-diet performed in terms of growth, and feed efficiency, as good as the pigs fed CS-diet (P > 0.05). For the grower phase, pigs fed the CA-diet had the same ADFI (P > 0.05), but a lower daily energy intake (ADEI) (P < 0.001), and same growth performance (P > 0.05) than pig fed the CS-diet, therefore pigs fed the CA-diet were more efficient in terms of residual energy intake (REI) (P < 0.001). For the finisher phase, interaction between diet and sex had an effect on ADFI (P < 0.001), ADEI (P < 0.001), ADG (P = 0.010), and lipid deposition (Ld) (P = 0.016). Pigs fed the CA-diet were less efficient than pigs fed the CS-diet, i.e., G:F (P < 0.001), RFI (P < 0.001), and REI (P = 0.007). In general, feeding a CA-diet to pigs showed to improve the ratio between Pd and Ld, especially for boars. Also, pigs fed the CA-diet showed thinner back fat thickness (P < 0.001), same loin depth thickness (P > 0.05), but lower dressing percentage (P < 0.001), than pigs fed the CS-diet.
猪的养殖业务已经导致了全球的养殖计划，这些计划选择能够在高能高蛋白饮食中表现良好的猪，这些饮食传统上以玉米和豆粕为基础。如今，饮食正朝着以谷物和副产品为基础的方向转变，因此，高比例的副产品饲料可能会改变这些猪的预期表现。本研究的目的是评估与玉米-豆粕日粮（CS-日粮）相比，用谷物替代原料日粮（CA-日粮）喂养遗传相似的生长-育肥母猪和公猪的生长性能、饲料效率和胴体特性。共有 160 头猪，80 头母猪和 80 头公猪，来自 18 窝。猪按窝进行分组，以确保两组之间没有遗传差异。对于起始阶段，用 CA-日粮喂养的猪在生长和饲料效率方面与用 CS-日粮喂养的猪一样好（P>0.05）。对于生长期，用 CA-日粮喂养的猪的 ADFI 相同（P>0.05），但日能量摄入量（ADEI）较低（P<0.001），生长性能相同（P>0.05），因此，用 CA-日粮喂养的猪在剩余能量摄入（REI）方面效率更高（P<0.001）。对于育肥期，日粮和性别之间的相互作用会影响 ADFI（P<0.001）、ADEI（P<0.001）、ADG（P=0.010）和脂肪沉积（Ld）（P=0.016）。用 CA-日粮喂养的猪不如用 CS-日粮喂养的猪效率高，即饲料效率（G:F）（P<0.001）、剩余采食量（RFI）（P<0.001）和剩余能量摄入（REI）（P=0.007）。一般来说，用 CA-日粮喂养猪可以提高 Pd 和 Ld 的比例，特别是对公猪。此外，用 CA-日粮喂养的猪的背膘厚度较薄（P<0.001），腰肉深度厚度相同（P>0.05），但屠宰率较低（P<0.001），比用 CS-日粮喂养的猪。
