GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, F-31326, Castanet Tolosan, France.
France Génétique Porc, 35651Le Rheu Cedex, France.
Animal. 2020 Nov;14(11):2236-2245. doi: 10.1017/S1751731120001275. Epub 2020 Jun 19.
The use of diets with increased fibre content from alternative feedstuffs less digestible for pigs is a solution considered to limit the impact of increased feed costs on pig production. This study aimed at determining the impact of an alternative diet on genetic parameters for growth, feed efficiency, carcass composition and meat quality traits. A total of 783 Large White pigs were fed a high-fibre (HF) diet and 880 of their sibs were fed a conventional (CO) cereal-based diet. Individual daily feed intake, average daily gain, feed conversion ratio and residual feed intake were recorded as well as lean meat percentage (LMP), carcass yield (CY) and meat quality traits. Pigs fed the CO diet had better performances for growth and feed efficiency than pigs fed the HF diet. They also had lower LMP and higher CY. In addition, pigs fed the CO diet had lower loin percentage and ham percentage and higher backfat percentage. No differences were observed in meat quality traits between diets, except for a* and b* values. For all traits, the genetic variances and heritability were not different between diets. Genetic correlations for traits between diets ranged between 0.80 ± 0.13 and 0.99 ± not estimable, and none were significantly different from 0.99, except for LMP. Thus, traits in both diets were considered as mainly affected by similar sets of genes in the two diets. A genetic correlation lower than 0.80 would justify redesigning the breeding scheme; however, some genetic correlations did not differ significantly from 0.80 either. Therefore, larger populations are needed for a more definitive answer regarding the design of the breeding scheme. To further evaluate selection strategies, a production index was computed within diets for the 29 sires with estimated breeding value reliability higher than 0.35. The rank correlation between indices estimated in the CO and in the HF diet was 0.72. Altogether, we concluded that limited interaction between feed and genetics could be evidenced, and based on these results there is no need to change pig selection schemes to adapt to the future increased use of alternative feedstuffs in production farms.
使用纤维含量较高的替代饲料来饲养猪，是一种被认为可以限制饲料成本增加对养猪生产影响的解决方案。本研究旨在确定替代饲料对生长、饲料效率、胴体组成和肉质特性的遗传参数的影响。共有 783 头长白猪被喂食高纤维（HF）饮食，而其 880 头同胞被喂食传统（CO）谷物基础饮食。记录了每个猪的每日采食量、平均日增重、饲料转化率和剩余采食量，以及瘦肉百分比（LMP）、胴体产量（CY）和肉质特性。与 HF 饮食相比，CO 饮食的猪在生长和饲料效率方面表现更好。它们的 LMP 更低，CY 更高。此外，CO 饮食的猪的腰肉比例和火腿比例较低，背膘比例较高。两种饮食之间的肉质特性没有差异，除了 a和 b值。对于所有性状，两种饮食之间的遗传方差和遗传力没有差异。两种饮食之间性状的遗传相关性在 0.80±0.13 和 0.99±不可估计之间，除了 LMP，没有一个显著不同于 0.99。因此，两种饮食中的性状都被认为主要受两种饮食中相似的基因集影响。遗传相关性低于 0.80 将证明重新设计育种方案是合理的；然而，一些遗传相关性与 0.80 也没有显著差异。因此，需要更大的群体来更明确地回答关于育种方案设计的问题。为了进一步评估选择策略，在 CO 和 HF 饮食中，对 29 头具有高于 0.35 的估计育种值可靠性的种猪计算了生产指数。在 CO 和 HF 饮食中估计的指数之间的等级相关系数为 0.72。总的来说，我们得出的结论是，饲料和遗传之间的相互作用可能有限，根据这些结果，没有必要改变猪的选择方案，以适应未来生产农场中替代饲料的增加使用。
