Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LEMAR (UMR 6539), Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, Plouzané, France.
Department of Zoology and Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2019 Jan;38(1):210-221. doi: 10.1002/etc.4271. Epub 2018 Nov 30.
The ecological and economic importance of fish act as a brake on the development of chemical dispersants as operational instruments following oil spills. Although a valuable and consistent body of knowledge exists, its use in spill response is limited. The objective of the present study was to increase current knowledge base to facilitate the translation of published data into information of operational value. Thus we investigated the dose-response relationship between dispersant-treated oil exposure and ecologically relevant consequences by combining laboratory and field experiments. Effects were examined over almost a year using juveniles of the slowly growing, commercially important European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). A reliable interpretation of biomarker responses requires a complete knowledge of the factors likely to affect them. Interpopulational variability is of particular importance in environmental impact assessment because biomarker responses from a population collected in an impacted area are classically compared with those collected in a clean site. Our study revealed no effect of the exposure to dispersant-treated oil on fish hypoxia tolerance and temperature susceptibility at 1 and 11 mo post exposure. Similarly, no effect of the exposure was observed on the ability of the fish to cope with environmental contingencies in the field, regardless of the dose tested. Thus we feel confident to suggest that a 48-h exposure to chemically treated oil does not affect the ability of sea bass to cope with mild environmental contingencies. Finally, investigation of interpopulation variability revealed large differences in both hypoxia tolerance and temperature susceptibility among the 2 populations tested, suggesting that this variability may blur the interpretation of population comparisons as classically practiced in impact assessment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:210-221. © 2018 SETAC.
鱼类的生态和经济重要性对化学分散剂的发展起到了抑制作用，化学分散剂原本是用于石油泄漏后的作业工具。尽管已经有了有价值且一致的知识体系，但在溢油应对方面的应用却很有限。本研究的目的是增加当前的知识基础，以便将已发表的数据转化为具有实际应用价值的信息。因此，我们通过结合实验室和野外实验，研究了分散剂处理过的油污暴露与生态相关后果之间的剂量-反应关系。使用生长缓慢但具有商业价值的欧洲鲈鱼（Dicentrarchus labrax）的幼鱼进行了为期近一年的实验。要可靠地解释生物标志物的反应，就需要全面了解可能影响它们的因素。种群间的变异性在环境影响评估中尤为重要，因为在受影响地区采集的种群的生物标志物反应通常与在清洁地区采集的种群的生物标志物反应进行比较。我们的研究表明，在暴露于分散剂处理过的油污后 1 个月和 11 个月，油污暴露对鱼类的缺氧耐受能力和对温度的敏感性没有影响。同样，无论测试的剂量如何，暴露对鱼类在野外应对环境变化的能力也没有影响。因此，我们有信心认为，48 小时的化学处理油暴露不会影响鲈鱼应对温和环境变化的能力。最后，对种群间变异性的研究表明，在测试的两个种群中，缺氧耐受能力和对温度的敏感性都存在很大差异，这表明这种变异性可能会使种群比较的解释变得模糊，而种群比较是传统的影响评估中所采用的。环境毒理化学 2019；38：210-221。© 2018 SETAC。
