Risk Assessment of Two Insecticides on , Parasitoid of Whitefly .

The assessment of acute toxicity to insect natural enemies is very important for insecticide selection used within integrated pest management (IPM). The acute toxicity of abamectin and imidacloprid against , a parasitoid of , was investigated. Abamectin had a high toxicity risk to , while imidacloprid showed a medium toxicity risk. When treated with the lethal concentration 30 (LC) of abamectin, the dwelling time of in infested-plant-area (IPA) was significantly lower than in non-infested plant areas (non-IPA). In addition, the frequency of entering into the two areas was not significantly different in the LC and LC treatments. Within the IPA, LC, and LC treatments decreased the dwelling time and entering frequency of parasitoid significantly. For imidacloprid treatments, stayed a longer time in the non-IPA than in the IPA when treated with LC The frequency of entering into the two areas was only slightly different in the LC₁, LC, and LC treatments. Within the IPA, LC and LC treatments were significantly decreased in the dwelling time and the entering frequency of The results indicate that abamectin and imidacloprid have high or medium acute toxicity against and a negative sublethal effect on its searching behaviour.