Liu Qianyan, Wang Xinghui, Yi Sheng
Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
Front Neurosci. 2018 Aug 23;12:597. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00597. eCollection 2018.
Peripheral nerves are composed of complex layered anatomical structures, including epineurium, perineurium, and endoneurium. Perineurium and endoneurium contain many physical barriers, including the blood-nerve barrier at endoneurial vessels and the perineurial barrier. These physical barriers help to eliminate flux penetration and thus contribute to the establishment of a stable microenvironment. In the current review, we introduce the anatomical compartments and physical barriers of peripheral nerves and then describe the cellular and molecular basis of peripheral physical barriers. We also specifically explore peripheral nerve injury-induced changes of peripheral physical barriers, including elevated endoneurial fluid pressure, increased leakage of tracer, decreased barrier-type endothelial cell ratio, and altered distributions and expressions of cellular junctional proteins. The understanding of the pathophysiological changes of physical barriers following peripheral nerve injury may provide a clue for the treatment of peripheral nerve injury.
周围神经由复杂的分层解剖结构组成，包括神经外膜、神经束膜和神经内膜。神经束膜和神经内膜包含许多物理屏障，包括神经内膜血管处的血-神经屏障和神经束膜屏障。这些物理屏障有助于消除通量渗透，从而有助于建立稳定的微环境。在本综述中，我们介绍了周围神经的解剖分区和物理屏障，然后描述了周围物理屏障的细胞和分子基础。我们还特别探讨了周围神经损伤引起的周围物理屏障的变化，包括神经内膜液压升高、示踪剂泄漏增加、屏障型内皮细胞比例降低以及细胞连接蛋白的分布和表达改变。了解周围神经损伤后物理屏障的病理生理变化可能为周围神经损伤的治疗提供线索。
