Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.
Front Neural Circuits. 2018 Aug 28;12:67. doi: 10.3389/fncir.2018.00067. eCollection 2018.
This review contrasts the neuromodulatory influences of acetylcholine (ACh) on the relatively conserved primary visual cortex (V1), compared to the newly evolved dorsolateral prefrontal association cortex (dlPFC). ACh is critical both for proper circuit development and organization, and for optimal functioning of mature systems in both cortical regions. ACh acts through both nicotinic and muscarinic receptors, which show very different expression profiles in V1 vs. dlPFC, and differing effects on neuronal firing. Cholinergic effects mediate attentional influences in V1, enhancing representation of incoming sensory stimuli. In dlPFC ACh plays a permissive role for network communication. ACh receptor expression and ACh actions in higher visual areas have an intermediate profile between V1 and dlPFC. This changing role of ACh modulation across association cortices may help to illuminate the particular susceptibility of PFC in cognitive disorders, and provide therapeutic targets to strengthen cognition.
这篇综述对比了乙酰胆碱（ACh）对相对保守的初级视觉皮层（V1）和新进化的背外侧前额叶联合皮层（dlPFC）的神经调节影响。ACh 对于适当的回路发育和组织以及两个皮层区域中成熟系统的最佳功能都至关重要。ACh 通过烟碱型和毒蕈碱型受体发挥作用，这两种受体在 V1 与 dlPFC 中的表达模式非常不同，对神经元放电的影响也不同。胆碱能作用在 V1 中介导注意力的影响，增强传入感觉刺激的表示。在 dlPFC 中，ACh 对网络通信起到允许作用。高级视觉区域中的 ACh 受体表达和 ACh 作用具有介于 V1 和 dlPFC 之间的中间特征。ACh 调制在联合皮层中的这种变化作用可能有助于阐明 PFC 在认知障碍中的特殊易感性，并提供治疗靶点以增强认知。
