Brecher Erica A, Lewis Charlotte W
Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry, 521 North 11th Street, PO Box 980566, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, UW School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, UW Box 354920, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Pediatr Clin North Am. 2018 Oct;65(5):909-921. doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2018.05.016.
It may be easy to discount oral health in infancy because most infants are not born with teeth and only a few teeth erupt during the first year of life. Infancy, however, is a critical time for formation of habits. Positive habits, such as twice-daily brushing with fluoride toothpaste starting at first teeth eruption, provides topical fluoride, which is important for remineralization of the tooth and helps establish a lifelong healthy practice. Negative habits, such as bottle propping and frequent juice consumption, reinforce behaviors that promote caries and obesity. This article reviews normal dental development and eruption. Congenital anomalies affecting the mouth as well as acquired conditions, primarily dental caries, are reviewed. Oral health preventive modalities, including professionally applied products and home-based strategies, are discussed.
由于大多数婴儿出生时没有牙齿，且在出生后的第一年只有少数牙齿萌出，因此婴儿期的口腔健康可能容易被忽视。然而，婴儿期是养成习惯的关键时期。积极的习惯，比如从第一颗牙齿萌出开始每天用含氟牙膏刷牙两次，能提供局部氟化物，这对牙齿的再矿化很重要，有助于建立终身健康的习惯。消极的习惯，比如奶瓶喂养和频繁饮用果汁，会强化导致龋齿和肥胖的行为。本文回顾了正常的牙齿发育和萌出情况。还对影响口腔的先天性异常以及后天性疾病（主要是龋齿）进行了综述。讨论了口腔健康预防方法，包括专业应用的产品和家庭策略。
