Fitzsimons D, Dwyer J T, Palmer C, Boyd L D
Combined Dietetic Intern/ Master's Program, Frances Stern Nutrition Center, New England Medical Center, Boston, Mass, USA.
J Am Diet Assoc. 1998 Feb;98(2):182-6, 189; quiz 187-8. doi: 10.1016/S0002-8223(98)00044-3.
Good oral health care and nutrition during pregnancy, infancy, and childhood are essential but often overlooked factors in the growth and development of the teeth and oral cavity. Pregnant women and parents and caregivers of infants and children often receive little guidance about proper preventive dental and oral health care, including fluoride and dietary measures. Pregnant women can maintain their health through proper diet, good oral hygiene, and appropriate use of fluoride. An adequate diet during gestation is important for optimal oral development of the fetus. To promote good oral health in infancy, caregivers need to provide the infant with appropriate amounts of fluoride in addition to a healthful diet. As the teeth erupt into the mouth, the caregiver needs to clean the teeth thoroughly on a daily basis. When solid foods are introduced in later infancy, it is also important to limit the frequency of caries-promoting fermentable carbohydrates between meals. Good oral hygiene habits and dietary practices that emphasize minimum exposure to retentive, fermentable carbohydrates; use of fluoridated water; and a varied, balanced diet should continue throughout childhood to set the stage for optimal oral health for a lifetime.
孕期、婴儿期和儿童期良好的口腔保健和营养，是牙齿及口腔生长发育过程中至关重要但常被忽视的因素。孕妇以及婴幼儿的父母和照料者，通常很少得到关于适当的预防性牙齿和口腔保健的指导，包括氟化物及饮食措施。孕妇可通过合理饮食、良好的口腔卫生以及适当使用氟化物来保持健康。孕期充足的饮食对胎儿的最佳口腔发育很重要。为促进婴儿期良好的口腔健康，照料者除了提供健康饮食外，还需要给婴儿补充适量的氟化物。当牙齿萌出到口腔中时，照料者需要每天彻底清洁牙齿。在婴儿期后期引入固体食物时，限制餐间促进龋齿的可发酵碳水化合物的摄入频率也很重要。良好的口腔卫生习惯和强调尽量减少接触滞留性、可发酵碳水化合物、使用含氟水以及多样化、均衡饮食的饮食习惯，应贯穿整个儿童期，为一生的最佳口腔健康奠定基础。
