Ratcliffe J M, Halperin W E, Frazier T M, Sundin D S, Delaney L, Hornung R W
J Occup Med. 1986 Oct;28(10):906-12. doi: 10.1097/00043764-198610000-00003.
Data from 4,500 workplaces surveyed by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) in the National Occupational Hazard Survey (1972 to 1974) and National Occupational Exposure Survey (1981 to 1983) show an increase in both preplacement and periodic medical screening in US industries during the past decade. The distribution of screening is primarily related to plant size, but also varies considerably by industry type; further, plants with industrial hygiene and safety programs and/or unions are more likely to provide screening examinations than those without, irrespective of plant size. As for workers potentially exposed to selected chemical hazards, the first survey provides no consistent evidence that such workers were more likely to receive exposure-specific tests than other workers. The significance of these findings is discussed in the context of the proposed framework for medical screening practices developed by NIOSH researchers.
美国国家职业安全与健康研究所（NIOSH）在全国职业危害调查（1972年至1974年）和全国职业暴露调查（1981年至1983年）中对4500个工作场所进行了调查，数据显示在过去十年中，美国各行业的上岗前和定期医学筛查均有所增加。筛查的分布主要与工厂规模有关，但也因行业类型而有很大差异；此外，有工业卫生和安全计划及/或工会的工厂比没有这些的工厂更有可能提供筛查检查，而不论工厂规模如何。至于可能接触特定化学危害的工人，第一次调查没有提供一致的证据表明这些工人比其他工人更有可能接受针对接触情况的检测。将在NIOSH研究人员制定的医学筛查实践拟议框架背景下讨论这些发现的意义。
