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Pak J Biol Sci. 2018;21(2):78-86. doi: 10.3923/pjbs.2018.78.86.
Marosatherina ladigesi is locally called the "beseng-beseng' including endemic freshwater fish in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The objective of this was to describe for the first time the development from eggs to the post flexion larval stage under controlled conditions and was to determine the developmental stages of embryonic and larvae of M. ladigesi. This consideration is possible to conduct breeding program of this species commercially and is suitable for commercial culture.
Brook stocks were reared for 5 months with fed twice daily with mixture of Daphnia sp., Chironomus sp. and Culex sp. Water was substituted up to 50% each week. Artificial substrate from plastic rope was attached in the tank. The eggs were collected 6 h after laying on the substrate. The larvae were fed twice daily with infusoria, Daphnia sp. and Artemiasalina nauplii. Observations of embryonic development were performed every 6 h until the eggs hatched. Egg samples were observed with 5 eggs at a time. Larvae were observed at the ages of 0.3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 DAH.
The process of embryonic development takes 204 h after spawning (HAS) or 8.5 days after hatching (DAH). The cleavage stage is composed of 4-8 cell divisions that occur before 12 HAS, 16 cells formed at 12 HAS and 32-64 cells formed at 24-30 HAS, cell multiplication occurs after 36 HAS. The morula stage is 42 HAS, the blastula stage occurs at 54-60 HAS, the gastrula stage occurs at 72 HAS, the neurula stage begins at 84 HAS and the segmentation stage occurs at 96 HAS. The segmentation stage shows already formed eye spots. The yolk stage lasted until 5 DAH, the free flexion stage occurred at 7 DAH, the flexion phase at 10 DAH and the post flexion stage at 15 DAH. The mouth was open65-78 HAS or 3 DAH and the yolk reserves were used for 5 DAH.
M. ladigesi eggs are very adhesive and do not float and the eggs hatch to larvae at 204 HAS or 8.5 DAH at 29±1°C. This study revealed that the flexion stage occurred after 10 DAH and the post flexion stage after 15 DAH. The mouth was open after 65-78 h (3 DAH) and the yolk sac reserves were used for 5 DAH.
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