Bosacki Sandra, Sitnik Valentina, Dutcher Keeley, Talwar Victoria
a Brock University , St. Catharines , Canada.
b Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology , McGill University , Montreal , Canada.
J Genet Psychol. 2018 Sep-Oct;179(5):256-269. doi: 10.1080/00221325.2018.1499607. Epub 2018 Sep 17.
The authors explored Canadian emerging adolescents' social and moral reasoning skills (empathy, theory of mind), and their perceptions of gratitude, self-competencies, and well-being (spiritual, emotional). As part of a larger five-year longitudinal study, the authors describe results of Year 2 (2016-2017) data from 46 ninth-grade students (33 girls; = 13.5 years, = 5.436 years) from eight schools (Ontario, Canada). Students' perceptions of gratitude, spirituality, self-compassion, competencies, and well-being were measured by self-report questionnaires. Significant positive correlations were found among adolescents' perceptions of gratitude, self-competencies, and emotional and spiritual well-being. Differently valenced patterns of associations were found among students' perceptions of gratitude (appreciation for others and sense of abundance), self-compassion, and existential well-being, and spiritual comfort, and omnipresence. Simple appreciation was the only aspect of gratitude to show significant positive relations with religious well-being. Significant positive correlations were found between gratitude (sense of abundance) and self-compassion, whereas significant negative correlations were found between self-compassion and empathy, theory of mind, existential well-being, and religious well-being. Implications for theory and educational applications are discussed.
作者探究了加拿大青少年的社会和道德推理能力（同理心、心理理论），以及他们对感恩、自我能力和幸福感（精神、情感方面）的认知。作为一项为期五年的大型纵向研究的一部分，作者描述了来自加拿大安大略省八所学校的46名九年级学生（33名女生；平均年龄 = 13.5岁，标准差 = 5.436岁）在2016 - 2017年第二年的数据。通过自我报告问卷来测量学生对感恩、灵性、自我同情、能力和幸福感的认知。研究发现，青少年对感恩、自我能力以及情感和精神幸福感的认知之间存在显著的正相关。在学生对感恩（对他人的感激和富足感）、自我同情、存在幸福感、精神慰藉和无所不在的认知之间，发现了不同的关联模式。单纯的感激是感恩中唯一与宗教幸福感呈现显著正相关的方面。感恩（富足感）与自我同情之间存在显著正相关，而自我同情与同理心、心理理论、存在幸福感和宗教幸福感之间存在显著负相关。文章还讨论了研究结果对理论和教育应用的启示。
