Laboratory of Neuromuscular Research & Active Aging, University of Miami, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Sciences, Coral Gables, FL, USA.
Laboratory of Neuromuscular Research & Active Aging, University of Miami, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Sciences, Coral Gables, FL, USA; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Center on Aging, Miami, FL, USA.
Exp Gerontol. 2018 Oct 2;112:76-87. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.09.007. Epub 2018 Sep 14.
Cognition, along with aerobic and muscular fitness, declines with age. Although research has shown that resistance and aerobic exercise may improve cognition, no consensus exists supporting the use of one approach over the other. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of steady-state, moderate-intensity treadmill training (TM) and high-velocity circuit resistance training (HVCRT) on cognition, and to examine its relationships to aerobic fitness and neuromuscular power.
Thirty older adults were randomly assigned to one of three groups: HVCRT, TM, or control. Exercise groups attended training 3 days/wk for 12 weeks, following a 2 week adaptation period. The NIH Cognitive Toolbox was used to assess specific components of cognition and provided an overall fluid composite score (FCS). The walking response and inhibition test (WRIT) was specifically used to assess executive function (EF) and provided an accuracy (ACC), reaction time (RT) and global score (GS). Aerobic power (AP) and maximal neuromuscular power (MP) were measured pre- and post-intervention. Relationships between variables using baseline and mean change scores were assessed.
Significant increases were seen from baseline in ACC (MD = 14.0, SE = 4.3, p = .01, d = 1.49), GS (MD = 25.6, SE = 8.0, p = .01, d = 1.16), and AP (MD = 1.4, SE = 0.6, p = .046, d = 0.31) for HVCRT. RT showed a trend toward a significant decrease (MD = -0.03, SE = 0.016, p = .068, d = 0.32) for HVCRT. No significant within-group differences were detected for TM or CONT. Significant correlations were seen at baseline between AP and FCS, as well as other cognitive domains; but none were detected among change scores. Although no significant correlation was evident between MP and FCS or GS, there was a trend toward higher MP values being associated with higher FCS and GS scores.
Our results support the use of HVCRT over TM for improving cognition in older persons, although the precise mechanisms that underlie this association remain unclear.
认知能力与有氧适能和肌肉力量一样，都会随着年龄的增长而下降。虽然研究表明抗阻和有氧运动可能改善认知，但目前还没有共识支持其中一种方法优于另一种方法。本研究的目的是比较稳态、中等强度跑步机训练（TM）和高速循环阻力训练（HVCRT）对认知的影响，并探讨其与有氧适能和神经肌肉力量的关系。
30 名老年人被随机分配到三个组之一：HVCRT、TM 或对照组。运动组每周进行 3 天训练，共 12 周，之后是 2 周的适应期。采用 NIH 认知工具包评估认知的特定成分，并提供整体流体综合评分（FCS）。行走反应和抑制测试（WRIT）专门用于评估执行功能（EF），并提供准确性（ACC）、反应时间（RT）和总体评分（GS）。干预前和干预后测量有氧能力（AP）和最大神经肌肉力量（MP）。使用基线和平均变化分数评估变量之间的关系。
HVCRT 组的 ACC（MD=14.0，SE=4.3，p=.01，d=1.49）、GS（MD=25.6，SE=8.0，p=.01，d=1.16）和 AP（MD=1.4，SE=0.6，p=.046，d=0.31）显著增加。HVCRT 组的 RT 有显著下降的趋势（MD=-0.03，SE=0.016，p=.068，d=0.32）。TM 或 CONT 组无显著组内差异。基线时，AP 与 FCS 以及其他认知领域之间存在显著相关性；但在变化分数中没有检测到相关性。尽管 MP 与 FCS 或 GS 之间没有明显的相关性，但 MP 值较高与 FCS 和 GS 分数较高有一定趋势。
我们的结果支持 HVCRT 比 TM 更能改善老年人的认知，尽管支持这种关联的确切机制尚不清楚。
