Desjardins-Crépeau Laurence, Berryman Nicolas, Fraser Sarah A, Vu Thien Tuong Minh, Kergoat Marie-Jeanne, Li Karen Zh, Bosquet Laurent, Bherer Louis
Department of Psychology, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Research Center, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Research Center, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Sports Studies, Bishop's University, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
Clin Interv Aging. 2016 Sep 19;11:1287-1299. doi: 10.2147/cia.s115711. eCollection 2016.
Physical exercise and cognitive training have been shown to enhance cognition among older adults. However, few studies have looked at the potential synergetic effects of combining physical and cognitive training in a single study. Prior trials on combined training have led to interesting yet equivocal results. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of combined physical and cognitive interventions on physical fitness and neuropsychological performance in healthy older adults.
Seventy-six participants were randomly assigned to one of four training combinations using a 2×2 factorial design. The physical intervention was a mixed aerobic and resistance training program, and the cognitive intervention was a dual-task (DT) training program. Stretching and toning exercises and computer lessons were used as active control conditions. Physical and cognitive measures were collected pre- and postintervention.
All groups showed equivalent improvements in measures of functional mobility. The aerobic-strength condition led to larger effect size in lower body strength, independently of cognitive training. All groups showed improved speed of processing and inhibition abilities, but only participants who took part in the DT training, independently of physical training, showed increased task-switching abilities. The level of functional mobility after intervention was significantly associated with task-switching abilities.
Combined training did not yield synergetic effects. However, DT training did lead to transfer effects on executive performance in neuropsychological tests. Both aerobic-resistance training and stretching-toning exercises can improve functional mobility in older adults.
体育锻炼和认知训练已被证明可提高老年人的认知能力。然而，很少有研究在单一研究中考察体育和认知训练相结合的潜在协同效应。先前关于联合训练的试验得出了有趣但不明确的结果。本研究的目的是检验体育和认知联合干预对健康老年人身体素质和神经心理表现的影响。
76名参与者采用2×2析因设计被随机分配到四种训练组合之一。体育干预是一个有氧和阻力混合训练计划，认知干预是一个双任务（DT）训练计划。伸展和塑形运动以及计算机课程被用作积极对照条件。在干预前后收集身体和认知测量数据。
所有组在功能灵活性测量方面均有同等程度的改善。有氧-力量训练条件在下肢力量方面导致更大的效应量，与认知训练无关。所有组在处理速度和抑制能力方面均有改善，但只有参加DT训练的参与者，与体育训练无关，表现出任务转换能力的提高。干预后的功能灵活性水平与任务转换能力显著相关。
联合训练未产生协同效应。然而，DT训练确实对神经心理测试中的执行表现产生了迁移效应。有氧-阻力训练和伸展-塑形运动均可改善老年人的功能灵活性。
