School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science & Technology, Guangzhou 510650, China.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2018 Dec 15;165:527-532. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.09.035. Epub 2018 Sep 14.
Although the agricultural use of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) has been banned for decades in many countries around the world, the detection of DDT and its metabolites in soils is very common due to their persistence. DDTs (sum of DDT and its metabolites) in farmland soils can be absorbed by crops at different levels and accumulate in the edible parts of agricultural products, posing threats to the health of human being. However, no information on the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) of crops with regard to DDTs has been reported due to the lack of enough bioavailability data and models to normalize the bioavailability data from different sources. Based on the bioconcentration factors of 17 crop species in Chinese soils obtained from previous studies, the criteria of DDTs in soils was derived according to the quality standard of agricultural products using the SSD method. Corrections for water content and aging time were conducted to normalize the data from different sources. The risk values of agricultural products at different concentration levels of DDTs in soils were also evaluated. It was found that oil crops are able to take up more DDTs than non-oil crops, so the soil criteria were calculated separately for oil crops and non-oil crops, which were 0.083 mg/kg and 0.29 mg/kg, respectively. With the residual concentrations of DDTs in soils at the range of 0.01-0.5 mg/kg, 0-8% of the agricultural products exceeded the permissible limits for DDTs which were set in the National Food Safety Standard of China. The results also demonstrated the feasibility for applying SSDs to derive the soil criteria of DDTs in order to ensure the safety of agricultural products. This work will provide information for the risk assessment and the establishment of soil environmental quality standards to ensure safe agricultural production.
尽管滴滴涕（DDT）在世界上许多国家已经被禁止用于农业用途几十年，但由于其持久性，在土壤中仍能检测到滴滴涕及其代谢物。农田土壤中的滴滴涕（DDT 和其代谢物的总和）可被作物不同程度地吸收，并在农产品的可食用部分中积累，对人类健康构成威胁。然而，由于缺乏足够的生物有效性数据和模型来归一化来自不同来源的生物有效性数据，因此尚未有关于作物对滴滴涕的物种敏感度分布（SSD）的信息报道。基于先前研究中从中国土壤中获得的 17 种作物的生物浓缩系数，根据农产品质量标准，采用 SSD 法推导出土壤中滴滴涕的标准。为了归一化来自不同来源的数据，进行了水分含量和老化时间的修正。还评估了土壤中滴滴涕浓度水平不同的农产品的风险值。结果发现，油料作物比非油料作物吸收更多的滴滴涕，因此分别为油料作物和非油料作物计算了土壤标准，分别为 0.083 mg/kg 和 0.29 mg/kg。当土壤中滴滴涕的残留浓度在 0.01-0.5 mg/kg 的范围内时，0-8%的农产品超过了中国国家食品安全标准中设定的滴滴涕允许限量。结果还表明，应用 SSD 来推导出滴滴涕的土壤标准以确保农产品安全是可行的。这项工作将为风险评估和建立土壤环境质量标准提供信息，以确保安全的农业生产。
