Left ventricular diastolic abnormalities other than valvular heart disease in antiphospholipid syndrome: An echocardiographic study.

BACKGROUND

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) can be primary or secondary to other autoimmune disorders. Besides valvular heart disease (VHD) and coronary artery disease (CAD), little is known about the impact of APS on left ventricular (LV) function.

METHODS

After excluding CAD, relevant VHD and heart failure, 69 patients (mean age = 43.9 years, 40 with primary and 29 with secondary APS) were assessed by echo-Doppler. Sixty-nine heathy controls, matched for age and sex, formed the control group. APS was diagnosed in presence of at least one clinical criteria and one confirmed laboratory criteria, including lupus anticoagulant (LA) titre. The adjusted global APS score (aGAPSS), derived from the combination of risk factors for thrombosis and autoimmune-antibody profile was calculated.

RESULTS

Patients had similar blood pressure and heart rate, but higher body mass index (BMI) than controls. LV mass index (p = 0.007) and left atrial volume index (p < 0.01) were greater, while early diastolic velocity (e') was lower (p = 0.003) and E/e' higher (p = 0.007) in APS. Primary APS patients had lower E/A and e' compared to both controls and secondary APS, while E/e' was higher in secondary APS than in controls. APS patients with diastolic dysfunction were older but did not differ for risk factors prevalence from those with normal/indeterminate diastolic function. In the pooled APS, LA positivity was independently associated with e' and E/e' after adjusting for age, BMI and aGAPSS in separate multivariate models.

CONCLUSION

In APS, LV diastolic abnormalities are detectable. They are more pronounced in primary APS and independently associated with LA positivity.