Key State Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology,Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.
Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Lipids Health Dis. 2018 Sep 17;17(1):219. doi: 10.1186/s12944-018-0805-6.
Growing evidence suggests an inverse association between whole grain (WG) consumption and insulin resistance (IR) or inflammation. However, it is still unclear whether adiposity plays a role in this relationship. We investigated whether the associations between WG intake with IR, glucose homeostasis and inflammation are mediated by adiposity in US adults.
The 2005-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys participants were included. WG intake was assessed and markers of IR and glucose homeostasis, inflammation, general and central adiposity. Analysis of co-variance and mediation analysis were applied, while accounting for survey design.
Overall 16,621 participants were included in this analysis (mean age = 47.1 years, 48.3% men). After adjustment for age, gender, and race, mean C-reactive protein (CRP), apolipoprotein B (apo-B), fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin, homeostatic model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) and β cell function (HOMA-β), hemoglobin A (HbA), and 2 h glucose after an oral glucose tolerance test decreased with increasing quarters of WG (all p < 0.001). Body mass index (BMI) had significant mediation effects on the associations between WG intake and CRP, apo-B, fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, HOMA-B, HbA, triglyceride to high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (TG:HDL-C) ratio and triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index (all p < 0.05) after adjustment for age, gender, race/ethnicity, educational status, smoking and level of physical activity. Both waist circumference (WC) and anthropometrically predicted visceral adipose tissue (apVAT) mediated the association between WG intakes with CRP, FBG, HbA, TG:HDL-C ratio and TyG index, i.e. WC and apVAT had indirect effect (all p < 0.05).
Our findings provide insights into the favourable impact of WG consumption on IR and inflammation, which may be affected by both central and visceral adiposity, i.e. the link between WG with IR and inflammation is more mediated in overweight/obese compared with lean individuals.
越来越多的证据表明，全谷物（WG）的摄入与胰岛素抵抗（IR）或炎症呈负相关。然而，脂肪含量在这一关系中是否起作用仍不清楚。我们在美国成年人中研究了 WG 摄入量与 IR、葡萄糖稳态和炎症之间的关联是否受脂肪含量的影响。
纳入了 2005-2010 年全国健康和营养调查参与者。评估了 WG 的摄入量以及 IR 和葡萄糖稳态、炎症、全身和腹部肥胖的标志物。应用协方差分析和中介分析，同时考虑了调查设计。
总体上，这项分析纳入了 16621 名参与者（平均年龄 47.1 岁，48.3%为男性）。在调整年龄、性别和种族后，C 反应蛋白（CRP）、载脂蛋白 B（apo-B）、空腹血糖（FBG）、胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗评估的稳态模型（HOMA-IR）和 β 细胞功能（HOMA-β）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA）以及口服葡萄糖耐量试验 2 小时后血糖的平均值随着 WG 摄入量增加的四分位数而降低（均 p<0.001）。体重指数（BMI）对 WG 摄入量与 CRP、apo-B、空腹血糖、胰岛素、HOMA-IR、HOMA-β、HbA、三酰甘油与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（TG：HDL-C）比值和甘油三酯-葡萄糖（TyG）指数之间的关联具有显著的中介作用（均 p<0.05），调整后因素包括年龄、性别、种族/民族、教育程度、吸烟和身体活动水平。腰围（WC）和身体预测的内脏脂肪组织（apVAT）均介导了 WG 摄入量与 CRP、FBG、HbA、TG：HDL-C 比值和 TyG 指数之间的关联，即 WC 和 apVAT 具有间接效应（均 p<0.05）。
我们的研究结果提供了关于 WG 消耗对 IR 和炎症的有利影响的见解，这可能受到中心性和内脏性肥胖的影响，即 WG 与 IR 和炎症之间的联系在超重/肥胖人群中比在瘦人群中更具中介作用。
