Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.
Curr Genet. 2019 Feb;65(1):41-55. doi: 10.1007/s00294-018-0884-y. Epub 2018 Sep 17.
The phosphorylation status of a protein is highly regulated and is determined by the opposing activities of protein kinases and protein phosphatases within the cell. While much is known about the protein kinases found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the protein phosphatases are much less characterized. Of the 127 protein kinases in yeast, over 90% are in the same evolutionary lineage. In contrast, protein phosphatases are fewer in number (only 43 have been identified in yeast) and comprise multiple, distinct evolutionary lineages. Here we review the protein phosphatase families of yeast with regard to structure, catalytic mechanism, regulation, and signal transduction participation.
蛋白质的磷酸化状态受到高度调控，由细胞内的蛋白激酶和蛋白磷酸酶的拮抗活性决定。虽然人们对酿酒酵母中的蛋白激酶有了很多了解，但对蛋白磷酸酶的了解要少得多。在酵母的 127 种蛋白激酶中，超过 90%属于同一进化谱系。相比之下，蛋白磷酸酶的数量较少（在酵母中仅鉴定出 43 种），并且包含多个不同的进化谱系。在这里，我们将根据结构、催化机制、调节和信号转导参与来回顾酵母的蛋白磷酸酶家族。
