Wavelength-Selective Fluorescence of a Model Transmembrane Peptide: Constrained Dynamics of Interfacial Tryptophan Anchors.

WALPs are prototypical, α-helical transmembrane peptides that represent a consensus sequence for transmembrane segments of integral membrane proteins and serve as excellent models for exploring peptide-lipid interactions and hydrophobic mismatch in membranes. Importantly, the WALP peptides are in direct contact with the lipids. They consist of a central stretch of alternating hydrophobic alanine and leucine residues capped at both ends by tryptophans. In this work, we employ wavelength-selective fluorescence approaches to explore the intrinsic fluorescence of tryptophan residues in WALP23 in 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) membranes. Our results show that the four tryptophan residues in WALP23 exhibit an average red edge excitation shift (REES) of 6 nm, implying their localization at the membrane interface, characterized by a restricted microenvironment. This result is supported by fluorescence anisotropy and lifetime measurements as a function of wavelength displayed by WALP23 tryptophans in POPC membranes. These results provide a new approach based on intrinsic fluorescence of interfacial tryptophans to address protein-lipid interaction and hydrophobic mismatch.