Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2019 Jan;39(1):3-19. doi: 10.1177/0271678X18801467. Epub 2018 Sep 18.
Located at the interface of the circulation system and the CNS, the basement membrane (BM) is well positioned to regulate blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity. Given the important roles of BBB in the development and progression of various neurological disorders, the BM has been hypothesized to contribute to the pathogenesis of these diseases. After stroke, a cerebrovascular disease caused by rupture (hemorrhagic) or occlusion (ischemic) of cerebral blood vessels, the BM undergoes constant remodeling to modulate disease progression. Although an association between BM dissolution and stroke is observed, how each individual BM component changes after stroke and how these components contribute to stroke pathogenesis are mostly unclear. In this review, I first briefly introduce the composition of the BM in the brain. Next, the functions of the BM and its major components in BBB maintenance under homeostatic conditions are summarized. Furthermore, the roles of the BM and its major components in the pathogenesis of hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke are discussed. Last, unsolved questions and potential future directions are described. This review aims to provide a comprehensive reference for future studies, stimulate the formation of new ideas, and promote the generation of new genetic tools in the field of BM/stroke research.
位于循环系统和中枢神经系统的交界处，基膜（BM）的位置非常适合调节血脑屏障（BBB）的完整性。鉴于 BBB 在各种神经疾病的发展和进展中的重要作用，BM 被假设有助于这些疾病的发病机制。中风是一种由脑血管破裂（出血性）或阻塞（缺血性）引起的脑血管疾病，BM 会不断重塑以调节疾病进展。尽管观察到 BM 溶解与中风之间存在关联，但中风后每个单独的 BM 成分如何变化以及这些成分如何导致中风发病机制尚不清楚。在这篇综述中，我首先简要介绍了大脑中 BM 的组成。接下来，总结了 BM 及其在稳态条件下维持 BBB 的主要成分的功能。此外，还讨论了 BM 及其主要成分在出血性和缺血性中风发病机制中的作用。最后，描述了未解决的问题和潜在的未来方向。本综述旨在为未来的研究提供全面的参考，激发新的思路，并促进 BM/中风研究领域新的遗传工具的产生。
