Zhang Ke, Baras Bashayer, Lynch Christopher D, Weir Michael D, Melo Mary Anne S, Li Yuncong, Reynolds Mark A, Bai Yuxing, Wang Lin, Wang Suping, Xu Hockin H K
Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
Materials (Basel). 2018 Sep 17;11(9):1747. doi: 10.3390/ma11091747.
Polymeric tooth-colored restorations are increasingly popular in dentistry. However, restoration failures remain a major challenge, and more than 50% of all operative work was devoted to removing and replacing the failed restorations. This is a heavy burden, with the expense for restoring dental cavities in the U.S. exceeding $46 billion annually. In addition, the need is increasing dramatically as the population ages with increasing tooth retention in seniors. Traditional materials for cavity restorations are usually bioinert and replace the decayed tooth volumes. This article reviews cutting-edge research on the synthesis and evaluation of a new generation of bioactive dental polymers that not only restore the decayed tooth structures, but also have therapeutic functions. These materials include polymeric composites and bonding agents for tooth cavity restorations that inhibit saliva-based microcosm biofilms, bioactive resins for tooth root caries treatments, polymers that can suppress periodontal pathogens, and root canal sealers that can kill endodontic biofilms. These novel compositions substantially inhibit biofilm growth, greatly reduce acid production and polysaccharide synthesis of biofilms, and reduce biofilm colony-forming units by three to four orders of magnitude. This new class of bioactive and therapeutic polymeric materials is promising to inhibit tooth decay, suppress recurrent caries, control oral biofilms and acid production, protect the periodontium, and heal endodontic infections.
聚合体牙齿颜色修复材料在牙科领域越来越受欢迎。然而，修复失败仍然是一个重大挑战，所有手术工作中有超过50%用于去除和替换失败的修复体。这是一个沉重的负担，美国每年修复牙洞的费用超过460亿美元。此外，随着人口老龄化以及老年人牙齿保留率的增加，需求也在急剧上升。传统的牙洞修复材料通常是生物惰性的，只是替代了龋坏的牙齿部分。本文综述了关于新一代生物活性牙科聚合物合成与评估的前沿研究，这些聚合物不仅能修复龋坏的牙齿结构，还具有治疗功能。这些材料包括用于牙洞修复的抑制唾液微生物生物膜的聚合体复合材料和粘结剂、用于牙根龋治疗的生物活性树脂、能抑制牙周病原体的聚合物以及能杀死牙髓生物膜的根管封闭剂。这些新型组合物能显著抑制生物膜生长，大幅减少生物膜的酸产生和多糖合成，并将生物膜菌落形成单位减少三到四个数量级。这类新型生物活性和治疗性聚合体材料有望抑制龋齿、抑制复发性龋齿、控制口腔生物膜和酸产生、保护牙周组织并治愈牙髓感染。
