Department of Dermatovenereology, University Hospital Center Sestre milosrdnice, Zagreb, Croatia.
Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2019 Jan;127(1):40-48. doi: 10.1016/j.oooo.2018.08.001. Epub 2018 Aug 18.
The aim of this study was to examine potential allergic reactions to different materials in oral and perioral diseases.
The study included 230 consenting subjects in total-180 patients with oral and perioral diseases (30 patients each in the following groups: angioedema, oral lichenoid reactions [OLRs], burning mouth syndrome [BMS], gingivostomatitis, cheilitis, and perioral dermatitis) and 50 healthy controls. Comprehensive diagnostic workups were performed prior to patch testing with standard series allergens and with specific dental materials and skin prick testing (SPT) for food, preservatives and additives, and inhalants.
Positive allergy test results were more common in patients with oral diseases than in controls, with significantly greater frequency of contact allergies in the cheilitis group (P = .048). The most common allergens in the majority patients were cobalt chloride (13.3% in BMS vs 10% in controls) and nickel sulfate (10% in gingivostomatitis and 6.7% in cheilitis vs 3.3% in controls), and preservatives (23.3% in angioedema and BMS).
Allergy skin tests are reliable and justified for diagnosing allergies in cases of persistent or recurrent oral diseases. This is the only way to confirm allergies and is the basis for consequent allergen avoidance for the benefit of the patient.
本研究旨在检查口腔及口周疾病中不同材料的潜在过敏反应。
该研究共纳入 230 名同意参与的受试者，其中 180 名患者患有口腔及口周疾病（以下各组各 30 名患者：血管性水肿、口腔黏膜类天疱疮样反应[OLR]、灼口综合征[BMS]、龈口炎、唇炎和口周皮炎），50 名健康对照。在进行标准系列过敏原和特定牙科材料斑贴试验以及食物、防腐剂和添加剂及吸入物皮肤点刺试验（SPT）之前，对所有受试者进行了全面的诊断检查。
口腔疾病患者的过敏试验阳性结果比对照组更常见，唇炎组的接触过敏频率显著更高（P=0.048）。大多数患者的常见过敏原为氯化钴（BMS 中为 13.3%，对照组中为 10%）和硫酸镍（龈口炎中为 10%，唇炎中为 6.7%，对照组中为 3.3%）以及防腐剂（血管性水肿和 BMS 中为 23.3%）。
过敏皮肤试验是诊断持续性或复发性口腔疾病过敏的可靠且合理的方法。这是确认过敏的唯一方法，也是为了患者的利益避免接触过敏原的基础。
