Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
Nat Rev Genet. 2018 Nov;19(11):671-687. doi: 10.1038/s41576-018-0051-9.
Tissue and organ biology are very challenging to study in mammals, and progress can be hindered, particularly in humans, by sample accessibility and ethical concerns. However, advances in stem cell culture have made it possible to derive in vitro 3D tissues called organoids, which capture some of the key multicellular, anatomical and even functional hallmarks of real organs at the micrometre to millimetre scale. Recent studies have demonstrated that organoids can be used to model organ development and disease and have a wide range of applications in basic research, drug discovery and regenerative medicine. Researchers are now beginning to take inspiration from other fields, such as bioengineering, to generate organoids that are more physiologically relevant and more amenable to real-life applications.
组织和器官生物学在哺乳动物中非常具有挑战性，特别是在人类中，由于样本的可及性和伦理问题，研究进展可能会受到阻碍。然而，干细胞培养的进步使得有可能在体外获得称为类器官的 3D 组织，这些组织在微观到毫米尺度上捕获了真实器官的一些关键的多细胞、解剖学甚至功能特征。最近的研究表明，类器官可用于模拟器官发育和疾病，并在基础研究、药物发现和再生医学中有广泛的应用。研究人员现在开始从其他领域（如生物工程）汲取灵感，以生成更具生理相关性和更适用于实际应用的类器官。
