Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2018 Oct 1;22(10):1210-1215. doi: 10.5588/ijtld.18.0029.
Three universities located in eastern Ethiopia: Haramaya University, Haramaya; Dire-Dawa University, Dire-Dawa; and Jigjiga University, Jigjiga.
To determine the burden of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) among university students and to identify risk factors for the development of TB disease.
All full-time university students were screened for symptoms of PTB and sputum was collected for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) examination and culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Of 35 344 students screened, we identified 153 PTB cases that occurred over the 1-year study period, or 433/100 000 students. Of these, 117 (76%) PTB cases were found through passive case finding at student health centres, while 36 (24%) previously undiagnosed patients were identified through active case finding. Sixteen cases detected using active case finding (44%) were smear-positive. Living in a dormitory with 5 students and attending university for 2 years were both significantly associated with PTB (adjusted OR 2.49 and 3.79, respectively, P < 0.001). In persons who underwent drug susceptibility testing, 11 (30.5%) had resistance to at least one first-line anti-tuberculosis drug.
We found a high burden of TB among university students in eastern Ethiopia. Screening for PTB upon university admission and at regular intervals should be considered to minimise TB transmission on university campuses.
埃塞俄比亚东部的三所大学：哈拉马亚大学、哈拉马亚；德雷达瓦大学、德雷达瓦；以及吉吉加大学、吉吉加。
确定大学生中肺结核（PTB）的负担，并确定结核病发病的危险因素。
对所有全日制大学生进行肺结核症状筛查，并收集痰液进行抗酸杆菌（AFB）检查和分枝杆菌培养。
在筛查的 35344 名学生中，我们在 1 年的研究期间发现了 153 例肺结核病例，即每 100000 名学生中有 433 例。其中，117 例（76%）肺结核病例是通过学生健康中心的被动病例发现，而 36 例（24%）以前未确诊的患者是通过主动病例发现。通过主动病例发现发现的 16 例病例中有 44%是涂片阳性。与 5 名以上学生同住宿舍和在校学习 2 年以上均与肺结核显著相关（调整后的 OR 分别为 2.49 和 3.79，P<0.001）。在接受药物敏感性测试的患者中，有 11 例（30.5%）至少对一种一线抗结核药物有耐药性。
我们在埃塞俄比亚东部的大学生中发现了结核病的高负担。在入学时和定期对大学生进行肺结核筛查，以尽量减少大学校园内的结核病传播，这是值得考虑的。
