Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health, USA.
Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, School of Public Health, USA; Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Michigan, School of Public Health, USA.
Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2019 Mar;222(2):168-176. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.09.001. Epub 2018 Sep 17.
Effects of more than one-year exposure to air pollution on atherosclerosis is seldom studied. This paper aims to examine the association between five-year exposure to particulate matter ≤2.5 μm (PM), ozone (O) and atherosclerosis observed about seven years later in late midlife women.
This study was conducted among 1188 women of the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) from five sites, Detroit, MI; Oakland, CA; Pittsburgh, PA; Chicago, IL; and Newark, NJ, with available data on both air pollutant exposure and carotid ultrasound scans. Five-year mean annualized exposure levels of two air pollutants, PM and ozone (O), were collected during 5 SWAN visits (1999-2005) from monitors 20 km within the participant's residential address. Linear regression models were used to estimate the association of prior five-year mean annualized exposure to PM and O with common carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and inter-adventitial diameter (IAD) examined approximately seven years later (2009-2013). Logistic and multinomial logistic regressions were applied to assess the associations of air pollutants with plaque presence and plaque index, respectively.
At time of carotid ultrasound scan, women were on average 59.6 (±2.7) years old and a majority was postmenopausal (88.4%). The women were White (48.4%), Black (31.2%), Chinese (13.3%) and Hispanic (7.1%). A 1 μg/m higher 5-year mean annualized exposure to PM was associated with an 8.0 μm (95% CI: 1.0-15.1) greater maximum cIMT at a later mid-life, adjusting for cardiovascular disease risk factors; but was only related to IAD after adjusting for site. No association was found between either pollutant and plaque presence or plaque index.
Long-term exposure to PM may contribute to elevated risk of atherosclerosis in the post-menopausal period.
关于暴露于空气污染超过一年对动脉粥样硬化的影响，目前研究甚少。本文旨在研究中年后期女性约七年后观察到的五年内细颗粒物（PM）≤2.5μm、臭氧（O）暴露与动脉粥样硬化之间的关联。
这项研究在来自五个地点（密歇根州底特律、加利福尼亚州奥克兰、宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡、伊利诺伊州芝加哥和新泽西州纽瓦克）的 1188 名妇女中进行，这些妇女参加了妇女健康全国研究（SWAN），并且有关于空气污染物暴露和颈动脉超声扫描的可用数据。在五个 SWAN 访视期间（1999-2005 年），从距离参与者居住地 20 公里的监测器收集了两种空气污染物（PM 和 O）的五年平均年暴露水平。线性回归模型用于估计先前五年的平均年暴露于 PM 和 O 与大约七年后（2009-2013 年）检查的颈总动脉内膜中层厚度（cIMT）和内中膜-外膜直径（IAD）之间的关系。逻辑回归和多项逻辑回归分别用于评估污染物与斑块存在和斑块指数的关系。
在颈动脉超声扫描时，女性平均年龄为 59.6（±2.7）岁，大多数处于绝经后（88.4%）。女性的种族构成是白人（48.4%）、黑人（31.2%）、中国人（13.3%）和西班牙裔（7.1%）。五年平均年暴露量增加 1μg/m 与后期中年时最大 cIMT 增加 8.0μm（95%CI：1.0-15.1）有关，调整了心血管疾病危险因素；但在调整了地点后，仅与 IAD 相关。两种污染物均与斑块存在或斑块指数之间无关联。
长期暴露于 PM 可能导致绝经后动脉粥样硬化风险增加。
