Chevalley Thea, Dübi Marion, Fumeaux Laurent, Merli Maria Serena, Sarre Alexandre, Schaer Natacha, Simeoni Umberto, Yzydorczyk Catherine
Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) Laboratory, Division of Pediatrics, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
Cells. 2025 Mar 20;14(6):467. doi: 10.3390/cells14060467.
The global incidence and prevalence of cardiometabolic disorders have risen significantly in recent years. Although lifestyle choices in adulthood play a crucial role in the development of these conditions, it is well established that events occurring early in life can have an important effect. Recent research on cardiometabolic diseases has highlighted the influence of sexual dimorphism on risk factors, underlying mechanisms, and response to therapies. In this narrative review, we summarize the current understanding of sexual dimorphism in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in the general population and within the framework of the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) concept. We explore key risk factors and mechanisms, including the influence of genetic and epigenetic factors, placental and embryonic development, maternal nutrition, sex hormones, energy metabolism, microbiota, oxidative stress, cell death, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, circadian rhythm, and lifestyle factors. Finally, we discuss some of the main therapeutic approaches, responses to which may be influenced by sexual dimorphism, such as antihypertensive and cardiovascular treatments, oxidative stress management, nutrition, cell therapies, and hormone replacement therapy.
近年来，全球心脏代谢紊乱的发病率和患病率显著上升。虽然成年期的生活方式选择在这些疾病的发生发展中起着关键作用，但众所周知，生命早期发生的事件也会产生重要影响。最近关于心脏代谢疾病的研究强调了性别差异对危险因素、潜在机制和治疗反应的影响。在这篇叙述性综述中，我们总结了目前在一般人群以及健康与疾病的发育起源（DOHaD）概念框架内对心血管和代谢疾病中性别差异的理解。我们探讨了关键危险因素和机制，包括遗传和表观遗传因素、胎盘和胚胎发育、母体营养、性激素、能量代谢、微生物群、氧化应激、细胞死亡、炎症、内皮功能障碍、昼夜节律和生活方式因素的影响。最后，我们讨论了一些主要的治疗方法，其反应可能受性别差异影响，如抗高血压和心血管治疗、氧化应激管理、营养、细胞治疗和激素替代疗法。
