Global Health Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
GenOmics and Translational Research Center, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
Environ Int. 2023 Jul;177:107987. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107987. Epub 2023 May 22.
Air pollution exposure is associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Although exposure to air pollution early in life may represent a critical window for development of cardiovascular disease risk factors, few studies have examined associations of long-term air pollution exposure with markers of cardiovascular and metabolic health in young adults.
By combining health data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) with air pollution data from the Fused Air Quality Surface using Downscaling (FAQSD) archive, we: (1) calculated multi-year estimates of exposure to ozone (O) and particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 µm (PM) for Add Health participants; and (2) estimated associations between air pollution exposures and multiple markers of cardiometabolic health.
Add Health is a nationally representative longitudinal cohort study of over 20,000 adolescents aged 12-19 in the United States (US) in 1994-95 (Wave I). Participants have been followed through adolescence and into adulthood with five in-home interviews. Estimated daily concentrations of O and PM at census tracts were obtained from the FAQSD archive and used to generate tract-level annual averages of O and PM concentrations. We estimated associations between average O and PM exposures from 2002 to 2007 and markers of cardiometabolic health measured at Wave IV (2008-09), including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, C-reactive protein, and metabolic syndrome.
The final sample size was 11,259 individual participants. The average age of participants at Wave IV was 28.4 years (range: 24-34 years). In models adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, and sex, long-term O exposure (2002-07) was associated with elevated odds of hypertension, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.015 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.011, 1.029); obesity (1.022 [1.004, 1.040]); diabetes (1.032 [1.009,1.054]); and metabolic syndrome (1.028 [1.014, 1.041]); PM exposure (2002-07) was associated with elevated odds of hypertension (1.022 [1.001, 1.045]).
Findings suggest that long-term ambient air pollution exposure, particularly O exposure, is associated with cardiometabolic health in early adulthood.
空气污染暴露与心血管发病率和死亡率有关。尽管生命早期接触空气污染可能代表了心血管疾病风险因素发展的关键窗口期，但很少有研究调查长期空气污染暴露与年轻人心血管和代谢健康标志物之间的关联。
通过将国家青少年到成人健康纵向研究（Add Health）的健康数据与使用降尺度（FAQSD）档案的融合空气质量表面的臭氧（O）和空气动力学直径≤2.5μm 的颗粒物（PM）空气污染数据相结合，我们：（1）为 Add Health 参与者计算了多年来臭氧和颗粒物的暴露估计值；（2）估计了空气污染暴露与多种心血管代谢健康标志物之间的关联。
Add Health 是一项具有全国代表性的美国青少年纵向队列研究，涵盖了 1994-95 年（波 I）期间 20,000 多名 12-19 岁的青少年。参与者通过五次家庭访谈进行了青少年和成年期的随访。从 FAQSD 档案中获取了估计的每日臭氧和 PM 浓度，并用于生成按普查区划分的臭氧和 PM 浓度年平均值。我们估计了 2002 年至 2007 年期间的平均 O 和 PM 暴露与在波 IV（2008-09 年）测量的心血管代谢健康标志物之间的关联，包括高血压、高血脂、体重指数（BMI）、糖尿病、C 反应蛋白和代谢综合征。
最终样本量为 11,259 名个体参与者。参与者在波 IV 时的平均年龄为 28.4 岁（范围：24-34 岁）。在调整年龄、种族/民族和性别的模型中，长期 O 暴露（2002-07）与高血压的几率升高有关，比值比（OR）为 1.015（95%置信区间[CI]：1.011，1.029）；肥胖（1.022 [1.004，1.040]）；糖尿病（1.032 [1.009，1.054]）；和代谢综合征（1.028 [1.014，1.041]）；PM 暴露（2002-07）与高血压的几率升高有关（1.022 [1.001，1.045]）。
研究结果表明，长期的环境空气污染暴露，特别是 O 暴露，与成年早期的心血管代谢健康有关。
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