Eastman Meridith L, Verhulst Brad, Rappaport Lance M, Dirks Melanie, Sawyers Chelsea, Pine Daniel S, Leibenluft Ellen, Brotman Melissa A, Hettema John M, Roberson-Nay Roxann
Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, P.O. Box 980126, Richmond, VA, 23298-0126, USA.
Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
Behav Genet. 2018 Nov;48(6):421-431. doi: 10.1007/s10519-018-9923-1. Epub 2018 Sep 21.
The goal of the present investigation was to clarify and compare the structure of genetic and environmental influences on different types (e.g., physical, verbal) of peer victimization experienced by youth in pre-/early adolescence and mid-/late adolescence. Physical, verbal, social, and property-related peer victimization experiences were assessed in two twin samples (306 pairs, ages 9-14 and 294 pairs, ages 15-20). Cholesky decompositions of individual differences in victimization were conducted, and independent pathway (IP) and common pathway (CP) twin models were tested in each sample. In the younger sample, a Cholesky decomposition best described the structure of genetic and environmental contributors to peer victimization, with no evidence that common additive genetic or environmental factors influence different types of peer victimization. In the older sample, common environmental factors influenced peer victimization types via a general latent liability for peer victimization (i.e., a CP model). Whereas the pre-/early adolescent sample demonstrated no evidence of a shared genetic and environmental structure for different types of peer victimization, the mid-/late adolescent sample demonstrates the emergence of an environmentally-driven latent liability for peer victimization across peer victimization types.
本研究的目的是阐明并比较遗传和环境因素对青少年在青春期前/早期以及青春期中期/后期所经历的不同类型（例如身体、言语方面）同伴侵害的影响结构。在两个双胞胎样本（9至14岁的306对以及15至20岁的294对）中评估了身体、言语、社交和与财产相关的同伴侵害经历。对侵害方面个体差异进行了Cholesky分解，并在每个样本中测试了独立路径（IP）和共同路径（CP）双胞胎模型。在较年轻的样本中，Cholesky分解最能描述同伴侵害的遗传和环境因素结构，没有证据表明共同的加性遗传或环境因素会影响不同类型的同伴侵害。在较年长的样本中，共同环境因素通过同伴侵害的一般潜在易感性影响同伴侵害类型（即CP模型）。青春期前/早期样本没有显示出不同类型同伴侵害存在共享遗传和环境结构的证据，而青春期中期/后期样本显示出在不同同伴侵害类型中出现了由环境驱动的同伴侵害潜在易感性。
