Kmet Lunaček Nina, Poljak Mario, Matičič Mojca
Clinic for Infectious Diseases and Febrile Illnesses, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Pannonica Adriat. 2018 Sep;27(3):141-146.
With an estimated 15 million infected persons in Europe, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is still one of the leading causes of chronic liver disease and associated mortality. The HBV infection prevalence in the general population depends on the region and ranges from 0.01% in Scandinavia to 10.3% in Kyrgyzstan. The prevalence of the 10 HBV genotypes (A-J) varies among different parts of the world, with genotypes A and D being most prevalent in Europe. Other HBV genotypes are mainly imported into Europe from other parts of the world and are rarely detected. HBV genotypes influence the clinical outcome of HBV infection, HBeAg seroconversion rates, and the frequency of mutations in the pre-core and core promoter regions. In addition, response rates to treatment with pegylated interferon alpha vary among HBV genotypes, whereas there is no influence of HBV genotypes on treatment response when using nucleoside/nucleotide analogues. Due to recent large-scale immigration to Europe, a change in HBV genotype distribution and the consequent clinical outcome of chronic hepatitis B may be expected in the near future.
欧洲估计有1500万人感染乙型肝炎病毒（HBV），HBV感染仍是慢性肝病及相关死亡率的主要原因之一。普通人群中的HBV感染率因地区而异，在斯堪的纳维亚半岛为0.01%，在吉尔吉斯斯坦为10.3%。10种HBV基因型（A - J）的流行率在世界不同地区有所不同，A和D基因型在欧洲最为普遍。其他HBV基因型主要从世界其他地区传入欧洲，很少被检测到。HBV基因型会影响HBV感染的临床结果、HBeAg血清学转换率以及前核心区和核心启动子区的突变频率。此外，聚乙二醇化干扰素α治疗的应答率在不同HBV基因型之间存在差异，而使用核苷/核苷酸类似物治疗时，HBV基因型对治疗应答没有影响。由于近期大量移民进入欧洲，预计在不久的将来，HBV基因型分布及慢性乙型肝炎的临床结果将会发生变化。
